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Building California’s Flexible Grid: The Irvine
Smart Grid Demonstration Closing Symposium
SCE Energy Storage
Perspective
Loïc Gaillac
SCE, Advanced Energy Storage
Manager
Southern California Edison
SCE Approach
• Storage Technology Laboratory Evaluation
‒ Validate storage technology performance
‒ Create degradation models to optimize system operation
(extend life, improve business case)
• System or Sub-system Laboratory Testing
‒ Validate system integration (from a safety and operational
performance perspective)
• Field Demonstration and Pilots
‒ Refine deployment and connection processes
‒ Validate system performance and reliability in the field
• System Deployment
‒ Extract energy storage system benefits
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SCE Focus
• Deploy energy storage as a distribution asset
‒ Support distribution circuit needs (e.g., lower line loading)
• When no distribution-function is required,
participate in the energy market
‒ Enhance energy storage business case
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Storage Distribution Value
Measuring, monetizing and capturing storage
distribution values still remains a challenge
Well Known
Values
• Distribution
upgrade deferral
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Partially Known
Values
• Equipment life
extension
• Voltage support
Unknown
Values
• Power quality
improvement
• DER integration
enhancement
• Reactive Power
compensation
• Reliability
improvement
• Other unidentified
values
Southern California Edison
Overview of SCE’s On-going ES Demonstration and Pilot Activities
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Tehachapi
Storage
Project
Irvine Smart
Grid Demo
1 Large-scale Energy Storage (8MW for 4 hours or 32MWh – Q3 2014)
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Evaluate a utility scale lithium-ion battery’s ability to increase grid performance & integrate
wind generation
2 Large Distributed Energy Storage (2MW/500kWh unit – Q1 2014)
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Evaluate containerized Li-ion battery systems in field trials
3 Distributed Energy Storage Integration (DESI) Pilot Program
(2MW/4MWh – Q2 2015)
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Deploy energy storage on the distribution system to solve a challenge or for economic benefit
4 Distribution Optimized Storage (DOS) (1MW/1MWh – 2016)
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Irvine Smart
Grid Demo
Evaluate aggregated energy storage units on the distribution system with optimized controller
5 Community Energy Storage (CES) (25kW/50kWh – Q3 2013)
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Evaluate system ability to enhance circuit efficiency, resilience, and reliability
6 Residential Home Energy Storage Unit (RESU) (4kW/10kWh – Q3 2013)
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Evaluate home storage integration with customer HAN, smart appliances, solar PV, PEV, etc.
7 Large Commercial PLS Program (100kW/500kWh – Q4 2014)
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Evaluate Energy Storage for Large Commercial Customer Permanent Load Shifting
TSP
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TSP System Specifications
• Battery Storage System
‒ Li-ion
‒ 32MWh usable
‒ Manufactured by LG Chem.
• Power Conversion System
(PCS)
‒ 9MVA
‒ 12kV connected
‒ Manufactured by ABB
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TSP Layout
12kV/66kV transformer
BESS Building
PCS units
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System Configuration
How to get 32MWh from 60Wh battery cells
x 56
x 18
x 151
x4
Cell
Module
Rack
Section
System
Quantity
608,832
10,872
604
4
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Voltage
3.7 V
52 V
930 V
930 V
930 V
Energy
60 Wh
3.2 kWh
58 kWh
8.7 MWh
32 MWh (AC)
Weight
380 g
40 kg
950 kg
N/A
N/A
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Southern California Edison
System Validation Challenges
• Large energy storage systems are modular
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Comprised of AC and DC subsystems
Scaled by adding additional components in series/parallel
Multiple manufacturers
Requires complex integration
Increased likelihood of integration issues
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Grid/personnel safety
Geographic distance
Need to exchange significant power at will
Hardware/firmware/software problems can take many months
to solve
• Utilities need to assess safety and reliability prior to field
deployment
• Issues with testing large systems in the field
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System Validation Approach: Mini-System Lab Testing
Mini-System enables subscale testing in the lab before full-scale
operation of the BESS at Monolith Substation
Mini-System
Full System
Footprint
144 ft2
6300 ft2
building
Power
60 kW
8 MW
Energy
232 kWh
32 MWh
Power
Conversion
System
Two MiniCabinet
Two 40-foot
containers
Sections
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4
Banks
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32
Racks
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604
Modules
72
10,872
Cells
4,032
608,832
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Mini-System for Sub-scale Testing
Southern California Edison
Mini System at SCE laboratory
Battery
Racks
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Site
Energy
Controller
Power
Conversion
System (PCS)
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TSP Mini-System Testing Key Findings
Key Findings
Benefits
Discovered and resolved critical
safety and operational aspects
regarding the battery system and
PCS
Minimum impact of safety and
operational issues, quick to
resolve
Several iterations of
software/firmware upgrades
required
Significant time and resources
saved due to upgrades
performed in the lab at subscale
level versus full-scale at remote
substation location
24/7 operation for more than 4
months prior to full system
commissioning yielded feedback
to implement many additional
functional upgrades
System operation and features
have been enhanced
(optimized control algorithms)
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Remaining Challenges/Gaps
• Availability of truly grid-ready integrated systems
‒ Storage component may be mature, integration into complete
turn-key system has not reached full maturity
• Capturing promised value streams in actual applications
& building positive business cases
• Siting, Siting, Siting
‒ Land availability, system footprint
• Demonstrating required reliability at the system level
• Integrating with existing utility communication
infrastructure & new Smart Grid technologies
• Validating large systems prior to deployment
• Availability of standard application definitions and test
procedures
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