Transcript Vehicle Fire

NFPA ELECTRIC VEHICLE SAFETY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS
Module V:
Emergency
Operations
5-1
NFPA ELECTRIC VEHICLE SAFETY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS
Module V: Emergency Operations
Module V Objectives
Terminal Objective
Analyze simulated crash scenes to determine
appropriate actions.
Enabling Objectives
● Identify unique extrication challenges in
crashes involving P/HEVs and EVs.
● Determine appropriate actions to
extinguish a P/HEV or EV fire.
● Determine appropriate actions to handle
a fire involving a P/HEV or EV battery.
5-2
Introduction
● Many procedures for response to
P/HEV and EV incidents are the
same as for a conventional
incident.
● However, there are some important
differences. Learning to take
appropriate action at P/HEV and EV
incidents is critical.
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Initial
Procedures
●
Identify
Scene Size Up.
Immobilize
●
Utilize
appropriate PPE
for operations.
Disable
5-4
Emergency Operations
● Extrication
● HV Battery Breach
● Vehicle Submersion
● Fire
● Incidents Involving
Charging Stations
5-5
Extrication
Stabilization
● Standard cribbing
methods are
acceptable.
● Always place
cribbing at vehicle
structural points.
● Avoid fuel lines,
HV cabling, etc.
5-6
Extrication
● HV components and
cabling are usually not
in typical “cut points.”
● Before conducting
extrication operations,
determine location of:
● Occupant
Protection Systems
● HV Components
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Extrication
Impact of HV Battery Location
(Some models)
● Trunk
Tunneling Some models’
batteries are
located
behind the
rear seat.
● Through the Floor - High voltage
cabling and batteries may be in the
way.
5-8
Extrication
High Strength Steel
● High strength / low weight metals are
used frequently in P/HEVs and EVs to
enhance safety and fuel economy.
● Rescue tools
that are
suitable for
these high
strength
metals must
be used.
5-9
HV Battery
Breach
● Electrolytes can
be caustic, toxic,
and / or flammable.
● Batteries are dry cell. Even if crushed,
electrolyte leakage should be minimal.
● Some models may leak liquid coolant.
● DO NOT touch or handle a damaged HV
battery. High Voltage shock hazard!
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HV Battery
Breach
● Watch for unusual
odors or eye, nose,
throat, or skin
irritation. If detected,
limit exposure and
don SCBA.
● Monitor HV battery for leaks, sparks,
smoke, or gurgling/ bubbling sound. These
are signs battery may be overheating
(risk of off-gassing and fire).
● Follow local medical protocols in the event
of exposure to electrolyte or fumes.
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Submersion
● Designed so the vehicle’s shell is not
a shock hazard.
● Damaged high voltage components
could be hazardous. Do not touch!
● HV systems are
isolated from
chassis.
•
Designed to NOT
energize water.
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Submersion
● Follow standard shutdown procedures.
● If access is a problem, remove the
vehicle from water and then shut down.
•
Never remove submerged service
disconnect!
● Note: Microbubbling
may occur. This is
NOT a shock hazard,
but a natural result
of electrolysis.
5-13
Video
Vehicle
Submersion
5-14
Video
Vehicle
Submersion
5-15
Vehicle Fires
● Use NFPA compliant
firefighting PPE and SCBA.
● Utilize standard equipment
for extinguishing any
vehicle fire.
● Do NOT use equipment to
blindly pierce hood, due to
location of HV components
and cabling.
● Follow normal emergency
shutdown procedures.
5-16
Vehicle Fires
● Copious amounts of
water required for a
P/HEV or EV fire.
● Electrical systems
designed to not energize
water (including fire
streams).
● After extinguishment,
determine any HV
battery involvement. Use
thermal imaging
equipment if available.
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Vehicle Fires: Battery Involvement
● If burning internally,
allow battery to
burn itself out (if
situation allows).
● Battery enclosure
will impede direct
extinguishment.
● HV battery fires are
extremely difficult
to extinguish and
may reignite later.
Use thermal
imaging to monitor.
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Vehicle Fires: Battery Involvement
● Each type produces
different byproducts
when burning.
● Byproducts can be
harmful, and require
full PPE and SCBA in
accordance with NFPA
standards.
As always, protect
bystanders from exposure.
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Video
Vehicle Fires
5-20
Video
Vehicle Fires
5-21
Post-Fire Overhaul
● Avoid all high voltage components.
● Relays in the HV battery could be
damaged or welded in closed position.
● Always treat the
high voltage
components as
hazardous.
5-22
Incidents Involving Charging Stations
Fires
● Treat as any
energized electrical
fire.
● Shut down power
to charging
station.
● Perform
extinguishment
operations.
5-23
Incidents Involving Charging Stations
Collision
● Shut down charging station power source.
● If a vehicle is
struck while at
charging station,
turn off charging
station power
before operations.
● Identify,
Immobilize,
Disable vehicle(s).
5-24
Post-Incident
● Avoid all HV componentstreat as energized during
storage & investigation.
● Consider ventilating
passenger and cargo
compartments to prevent
possible gas buildup.
● Notify authorized service
center or dealer ASAP if
there is damage or potential
damage to the HV battery.
5-25
Post-Incident (continued)
● Flatbed recommended by
manufacturers for
transporting P/HEV or EV.
● Do not store a severely
damaged vehicle with a
Li-Ion battery inside a
structure or within 50’ of
any structure or vehicle.
● Vehicle should be monitored for leaking
fluids, sparks, smoke, fire, or gurgling
sounds from HV battery.
5-26
Real World Incidents
The following slides
contain images and
anecdotal information
from a series of actual
vehicle crash scenes
involving hybrid and
electric vehicles.
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Photo by Kevin Cooney
5-29
Photos by Kevin Cooney
5-30
Photos by Kevin Cooney
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Activity 5.1
Emergency Operations
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Here are two scenarios involving a P/HEV
or EV.
Review and discuss each scenario. Use
your experience to fill in any missing
details. Answer the following questions.
What scenario-specific response
concerns do you have to consider?
What methods would you use to secure
and disable this vehicle?
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Activity 5.1
Scenario 1
Dispatch: Car in a canal.
• 3:00 pm, 91°F, clear and calm.
On arrival: Vehicle is a Honda Civic hybrid.
• Partially submerged.
• Vehicle has gone through guardrail.
• No other vehicles visible.
• Bystanders state that driver still in vehicle and
appears unconscious.
• Airbags have deployed.
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Scenario 1
5-35
What scenario-specific response concerns do
you have to consider?
What methods would you use to secure and
disable this vehicle?
5-36
Activity 5.1
Scenario 2
Dispatch: Vehicle Fire in a parking lot.
• 11:00 am, 75°F, clear and windy.
On arrival: Vehicle is a Toyota Highlander hybrid.
• Smoke and flames coming from engine
compartment.
• Heavy smoke coming from passenger
compartment.
• Owner meets you and informs you that no one
is in the vehicle.
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Scenario 2
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What scenario-specific response concerns do
you have to consider?
What methods would you use to secure and
disable this vehicle?
5-39
Module V Summary
Many response procedures for P/HEV and EV
incidents are the same as for incidents involving
conventional vehicles.
Special response considerations for P/HEV and
EV incidents include:
Identification
Shut Down and Immobilization
Avoiding High Voltage Components
HV Battery Involvement
High Strength Steel
Charging Station Hazards
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