Transcript 1-4_Myanmar_offgrid_2015-01_Ajith_Kumara_Hydropower_Status

Off-grid Hydropower Status of
Myanmar
The NEP Workshop on Off-Grid Electrification in Myanmar
Grand Ball Room, Thingaha Hotel, Nay Pyi Taw
January 28-29, 2015
P G Ajith kumara
[email protected]
Outline
Visited Hydro power projects
 Categories of hydro power projects
 Characteristics of Hydro power
 Technical status
 Hydro power service providers
 Comparison with Sri Lanka off grid Hydro
power
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35kW
 200 HH
 Private own
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200W
 1 HH
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300kW
 2000> HH
 ESE owned
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Mechanical power
 Small industry runs
 Private owned
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7kW
 130HH
 DRD Funded
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Unknown power
 80 HH
 DRD funded
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Distribution line
300VA voltage
stabilizer
Visited Hydro power projects
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Shan, Chin, Mandalay and Sagaing
states
22 hydro projects visited
Capacity range 0.1kW to
1,500kW
6 nos. of service providers
interviewed
Individual, community based,
private ,government owned and
government funded projects
Categories of hydro power projects

Domestic HPP (06 nos.)
◦ 1 – 5 HH
◦ <500W power
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Village HPP (12 nos.)
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Upto 100kW
Few hundreds HH
Private, community and DRD funded
Operate by Community or owner
Government (DHPI, ESE) HPP (03 nos.)
◦ Upto 1,500kW
◦ National grid tariff structure
◦ O & M by ESE
Domestic HPP
Available in Shan and Sagaing states
 Low head turbine technology
 Unit cost Ks. 500,000 – 800,000
 Fix in Irrigation channels
 Output power 100W – 400W
 PowerPal (http://www.powerpal.com)
Canadian design (available upto 75kW)

Water wheel
Domestic HPP…
Not required any form of approval/ permission
 Can be acquired only well income and water
sources owned families
 Owners may supply electricity for few neighbors
at Ks. 2,000 per bulb
 Owners use light as well as TV and audio system
 No significant bad impact on environment
 Equipments can be purchased by cash only
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Domestic HPP…

Monthly O & M cost Ks. 3,000 – 6,000
◦ Bearing life span 1 to 3 months

Very poor power
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◦
◦
◦
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Voltage varies 150V – 260V
Frequency varies 35Hz – 65Hz
Not use controller
Tube bulb with magnetic ballast and Incandescent bulb
only use
Ready made (PMG) generator available in market
Turbine and housing manufacturing by local
technicians
Village HPP
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Invested by Private entrepreneur, community and DRD
or two of these
Capacity range is 3kW to 75kW
Actual output is less than 50% of the designed power
Locally manufactured turbines use
Monthly energy cost is Ks. 300 to 3,000/= ( one
project15,000)
Project implementation cost upto ks250,000 per HH
Energy demand 2 to 5 bulbs, TV Audio systems, mobile
phone and Rice cooker
Financing management not much transparent
Village HPP... Private owned
Started targeting own industry
 2 projects in Shan state based on grain
crusher, rice mill and oil expeller
 One project from Sagaing state based on
turbine manufacturing
 Owners have technical capacity for O & M
 Do not deal with banks
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Village HPP... Community based
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Project starting
◦ By practicing neighbour village HPP or
◦ By encouraging hydro power developer or
manufacturer
Per house invest up to Ks. 250,000
All advices are taken from developer/ machine
suppliers
 Electricity consumer society run with mutual
understand
 Written approval not required
 Social, financial or technical record are not
maintaining
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Village HPP... DRD developed
DRD fully funded and contractor selected
by tender calling
 Capacity less than 20kW
 O & M by community
 Beneficiaries have little aware on income
 Very poor specification in tender documents
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Village HPP general comment- policy
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DRD has been started 100% funded HP
development last couple of years
No recording/ registration methods of projects
Local governments have supported for some
projects in financing and technically
Monthly charge based on nos. of appliances or
fix rate
Village HPP general comment- Social
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Over 80% of beneficiaries are farmers and the balance is
retails seller, labours(skilled, unskilled)
Businessmen, labours(skilled, unskilled)
Monthly energy consumption 4kWh- 75kWh
Major electricity usages are Lighting, Audio/ video,
Phone.(rice cooker)
Freely electricity supply for community centres, School
and monastery
Project manage with mutual understand and no record
minutes
Project developing and purchasing through a single
person or a company
Very poor safety level (not use RCCBs, MCBs or fuses)
Village HPP general comment- Technical
Turbine are not match for the site specification
Not use a control system (fix load/ sluice gate
control)very poor quality power (150V- 260V
and 35Hz to 70Hz)
 Hidden cost to maintain appliances
 Voltage stabilizer has to be used with TV and
audio system
 Project failure rate is unacceptable level and
maintenance cost is very high
 Over all efficiency is less than 30%
 Machines life time is 3 – 10 year
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Village HPP....Technical
Locally made turbines
 Little knowledge on critical aspects on
turbine (speed matching, controlling, bearing
selection, finishing or turbine)
 Some projects abandoned due to endless
failures
 Poor workshop facility (very old lathe and
drills)

Energy pricing
Energy cost vary Ks. 40 -250 per kWh
 Energy consumption 5kWh to 70kWh
per month
 Major electricity demand for 2 to 5 bulbs,
TV/ Audio, phone charge , Rice cooker
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Government Hydro power projects
DHPI has developed in 1980s and1990s
 ESE tariff structure apply
 Capacity is 200kW to 1500kW
 Imported machineries use
 11kV transmission line with multiple nos.
Of step down transformers
 Regularly fail bearing, generator and
electronics components
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Government Hydro power ....
Var HPP bearing fail 5 time per year
 Laiva HPP diode fail few times per year
 Very poor attention on maintenance
activities(non of flow controller
functioning)
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Service providers(Domestic and village
HPPs)
 Hydro power developer
◦ Acting as an intermediary linking villagers with
equipment suppliers
◦ Advice on technical, social and financial aspects
◦ Supply all equipment and earn profit
◦ Contribute for maintenance work
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Machine manufacturer
◦ Manufacture turbines, penstock(steel) panel
board
◦ Act as a developer also
LCC analysis
Investment
Project
Domestic HPP
Pan Oo Tang
Mong In
Owe Kong
Ming In
Laouk Lon
Actual power
Amount(Ks)
NPV @ 10%
discounted
Year
15yrs LCC
@10%
Capacity cost
discount rate
@ 20yrs
(ks/kWh)
(Ks/kW)
0.25
600,000
2014
600,000
220
6,000,000
25
60,000,000
2002
188,305,703
380
7,900,000
1
5,000,000
2014
5,000,000
550
12,000,000
15
50,000,000
2014
50,000,000
200
6,650,000
3
500,000
2014
500,000
860
7,500,000
10
10,000,000
2011
13,310,000
376,
4,100,000
35Ks
LCC analysis...
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By practicing advance technology (use in developing
countries)
 Energy cost(ks/kWh) can be reduced up to 20% -50%
 Capacity cost(Ks/kW) can be reduced upto 20% to 50%
(based on 20years LCC)
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Cost variation
Project cost increases 20% - 50%
 Life time increase over 20 years (3 times)
 O and M cost reduce upto 50%
 Energy generation increase about 50%
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Comparison with Sri Lanka HP
Community based concept
 Project implementation cost
 Technology
 Project O & M expenses
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Community based concept
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Registering in local government as a welfare
society(Electricity consumer society, ECS)
Main posts of society are adviser, president, secretary,
treasurer and working committee
Maintain minutes of each meeting
General meeting calls quarterly and emergency meeting
call to get special occasions
Pass the annual budget
20% to 40% project cost is in-kind labour and materials
All construction doing by members with guidance of the
developer
Community based..
Maintain bank account and monthly saving
deposits
 Two of president, secretary and treasurer
have to be present to withdraw money from
account
 ECS management has to be change annually
 Knowledge sharing between ECS
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Technology
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Developer
◦ Facilitate between villages and all other stakeholder
◦ Manage technical, project, social and financial areas
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Manufacturer
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Design and manufacture according to site specification
Install and commissioning
Maintenance
Mechanical and electrical parts manufacturers
Main components
◦ Water intake, Head race, Forebay tank Penstock, Turbine,
Generator, Controller, Distribution panel, Distribution line
Forebay tank
Short wall
Trash rack
Spill way
Penstock
Flush outs
Forebay tank...
Control system
Controller – ballast load
Project O & M expenses
10kW project, 50 HH
Monthly income (LKR 300x50)
Operator salary
Monthly saving
Annual saving
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=15,000($115)
= 6,000($46)
=9,000($70)
=108,000($830)
Thank you