Transcript G - CURENT Education

Introduction to Power System
Dr. Jing Wang
Head of Institute of Power Electronic and Electric Drive
[email protected]
I Where does electricity come from?
II What is power system?
I Where does
electricity come from?
III Do voltage and frequency matter?
Michael Faraday
1791 -1867
3
magnet
Coil
electric current
4
Electric current is induced whether a magnet moves near coil or the
coil moves in a magnet (relative movement ).
magnet
coil
electric current
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6
How can we keep the coil
rotating like that?
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Types of Power Plants
 Thermal
 Nuclear
Conventional Sources
 Hydroelectric
 Wind
 Solar-PV
 Biomass
 Geothermal
 ……
Non Conventional Sources
Thermal Power Plant
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Turbines
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Steam turbine generator set
Stator
Rotor
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Types of Power Plants
 Thermal
 Nuclear
 Hydroelectric
 Wind
 Solar-PV
 Biomass
 Geothermal
 ……
Nuclear Power Plant
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Types of Power Plants
 Thermal
 Nuclear
 Hydroelectric
 Wind
 Solar-PV
 Biomass
 Geothermal
 ……
Hydroelectric Power Plant
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Hydroturbine rotor
Stator
Rotor
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Dams
Itaipu
Hoover
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Online Materials
1. On electricity, power systems and smart grids
Grid 101 - The Power Grid Explained：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wF03-bqyJo
Where energy comes from：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__zB80Saglk
Energy 101: Electricity Generation：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20Vb6hlLQSg
What Is the Smart Grid?：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwRTpWZReJk
2. On Generators
Nuclear Power: How Nuclear Power Plants Work ：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UwexvaCMWA
Thermal power plant：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJKiUYjW1E
Hydro Power：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnPEtwQtmGQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpigNNTQix8&list=PLACD8E92715335CB2&index=8
Pumped Storage hydropower plant：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tt_NtTOJEE8
Wind Power: How Wind Turbines Generate Electricity：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrnul6ixX90
Wind Turbines：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYYHfMCw-FI&index=3&list=PLACD8E92715335CB2
Solar Power: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0elhIcPVtKE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0elhIcPVtKE&list=PLACD8E92715335CB2&index=16
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I Where does electricity come from?
II What is power system?
II What is power system?
III Do voltage and frequency matter?
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Steam Turbine
G
~
G
~
boiler
Hydroturbine
G
~
boiler
Generator
G
~
boiler
Dam
G
~
G
~
||
G
~
Heat supple
network
M
~
Power Plants
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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Step-up Transformer
Steam Turbine
G
~
G
~
boiler
Hydroturbine
G
~
boiler
Generator
G
~
boiler
Dam
G
~
G
~
||
G
~
Heat supple
network
M
~
Power Plants
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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Transformers
 PURPOSE: to change the voltage
• increase = “step-up”
• decrease = “step-down”
Why need to change Voltages?
 Often run hot, must be
Why is that so?
cooled, prone to
explode.
• oil inside
• cooling fins and fans
• blast walls
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Electrical Substation
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Step-up Transformer
Steam Turbine
G
~
G
~
boiler
Hydroturbine
G
~
boiler
Generator
G
~
boiler
Dam
G
~
G
~
||
G
~
Buses
Heat supple
network
M
~
Power Plants
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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Buses
 uninsulated electrical conductors
 large cross-section = low resistance
 must be far from ground and other components to
avoid arcing
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Step-up Transformer
G
~
Steam Turbine
Transmission lines
G
~
boiler
Hydroturbine
G
~
boiler
Generator
G
~
boiler
Dam
G
~
G
~
||
G
~
Buses
Heat supple
network
M
~
Power Plants
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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Step-up Transformer
G
~
Steam Turbine
Transmission lines
G
~
boiler
Hydroturbine
G
~
boiler
Generator
G
~
boiler
Dam
G
~
G
~
||
G
~
Buses
Step-down Transformer
Distribution lines
Heat supple
network
M
~
Power Plants
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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Step-down transformer
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To your house...
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Step-up Transformer
G
~
Steam Turbine
Transmission lines
G
~
boiler
Hydroturbine
G
~
boiler
Generator
G
~
boiler
Dam
G
~
G
~
||
G
~
Buses
Step-down Transformer
Heat supple
network
M
~
Power Plants
Consumers
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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Electrical power system
a network of electrical components used to generate
generate, transmit,
transmit
distribute
distribute and consume electric power
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Electrical power system
G
~
Dam
G
~
G
~
G
~
boiler
G
~
boiler
G
~
boiler
||
G
~
Heat supple
network
M
~
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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Power Grid
an interconnected network fortransmission
transmitting and distributing
distribution
electricity from suppliers to consumers
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Power Grid = Electrical power system – generators - consumers
G
~
Dam
G
~
G
~
G
~
boiler
G
~
boiler
G
~
boiler
||
G
~
Transmission System
Distribution System
Heat supple
network
M
~
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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G
~
Dam
G
~
G
~
G
~
boiler
G
~
boiler
G
~
boiler
||
G
~
Heat supple
network
M
~
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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G
~
Dam
220kV
G
~
G
~
G
~
boiler
G
~
boiler
G
~
boiler
||
G
~
10.5kV
110kV
0.38kV
Heat supple
network
10kV
M
~
50Hz
60Hz
G
~
M
~
boiler
M
~
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I Where does electricity come from?
II What is power system?
III Do voltage and
frequency matter?
III Do voltage and frequency matter?
Questions
1. What is the history of voltages and frequencies?
2. What are voltage levels? Why are they choosed as standards?
3. What kinds of frequencies are chosen as base frequency? Why is that so ?
4. Why are High Voltages Used to transmit power energy? Why is that so?
5. What conditions do we need to use AC or DC systems ?
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