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Driving Innovation in the New Energy Era Rich Housh President & CEO Juice Technologies, LLC World’s Fastest Electric Car… Buckeye Bullet • 314.958 mph US Land Speed Record (over 5 miles) • 271.737 mph International Land Speed Record (flying kilometer) Motor Controller Batteries Chassis Body Weight Suspension Parachutes Navigation Length Height Width Saminco 400+ HP AC Induction - 900 volts 12,000 Nickel Metal Hydride 4310 Chromoly Steel Carbon Fiber composite 3500 lbs 4 wheel independent 2 GPS 31 feet 2 feet 30 inches The Center for Automotive Research 10+ Years of Advanced Battery Research – – – – Battery Characterization Battery models (cell and packs) Pack Balancing Battery Aging • Diagnostics and prognostics • Lab testing and reliability • In-vehicle testing and evaluation • SoC in-vehicle estimation and control • Material characterization of aged cells CAR Test Facilities 4 Vehicle Density and Use Vehicle Density How people go to work data) (US Source: OECD/IEA (2006) “A third of humanity doesn't want to ride bikes anymore; that has profound geopolitical implications.” - Anne Korin, the co-director of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (May 1, 2005) 5 Future Fuels: Petroleum?? World oil production (EIA Monthly) for crude oil + NGL. The median forecast is calculated from 13 models that are predicting a peak before 2020 (Bakhtiari, Smith, Staniford, Loglets, Shock model, GBM, ASPO, Robelius Low/High, HSM). 95% of the predictions sees a production peak between 2008 and 2010 at 77.5 - 85.0 mbpd (The 95% confidence interval is computed using a bootstrap technique) 6 PHEV/V2G Can Increase Grid Efficiency U.S. Energy Flow Trends in 2005 (units in quadrillion Btus) The overall energy conversion efficiency in the electric power sector is quite low (around 31%). Part of the reason for such low efficiency is the difference between peak and off-peak operation, due mostly to much lower demand at night. The contribution of fuels derived from biomass which includes wood, waste, alcohol, geothermal, solar, and wind to the transportation sector is virtually negligible. Energy used for transportation shows the worst overall energy efficiency (around 20%). Approximately 62% of the petroleum used in the U.S. is imported, and it is used almost exclusively for transportation. Source: International Energy Agency, 2007 7 Using Existing Infrastructure and Renewable Energy.. Only practical vehicles that can be charged from renewable energy. No need for large new energy supply infrastructure: use existing infrastructure. Additional substantial public benefits: •more rapid introduction of zero-pollution vehicles • increased reliability of the electric system • lowered costs •higher proportions of renewable electricity in the future 8 Meeting Customer Expectations and Environmental Sustainability •PHEVs have gained interest over the past decade due to their high fuel economy, convenient low-cost recharging capabilities, reduced use of petroleum, and contribution to energy security goal of “Twenty in Ten” • PHEVs have been suggested as a technology to improve the reliability and power quality of the electric grid and to ameliorate utility emissions. 9 Plug-in/Vehicle to Grid: Dream or Reality? 10 Smart Charging Requirements Communication – Access, Authentication, Authorization – Vehicle: Vehicle Identification, Odometer – Grid: secure communications (PLC, Internet, Zigbee, etc.) Smart Charging Requirements Submeter – Dedicated revenue grade/quality – Charge away from home – Reconciliation from premise meter Smart Charging Requirements Switching – Turn charging on/off – Off peak charging High Level PHEV Communication Requirements – Supports secure two-way communication with the Utility – Supports time- or price-based charging preferences based on current electric rate/tier – Supports vehicle charging at any voltage EUMD M SmartConnect Meter PHEV End-Use-Measurement-Device (EUMD) located in this zone Customer Electrical Panel Electricity Zone EVSE Energy Portal PHEV Consumption Measurement Zone – Supports vehicle roaming and unified billing infrastructure Utility Back Office Communications Zone Multiplicity Issue – Support customer override/optouts – PEV-to-Utility communications based on open standard SmartConnect Meter SAE - Communication Task Force ESCI EUMD Smart Charging Applications • Cordset – Level 1 charging – Travels with the car • Stationary Charging Device – Level 2 & 3 charging – At home or public locations • Vehicle Smart Charging Applications Smart Charging Applications Smart Charging Applications How Much Load is a 40 Mile Range EREV CHEVY VOLT PLASMA TV Annual Energy Extended Range Electric Vehicle 623 kWh SET TOP BOX Annual Energy 263 kWh Annual Energy Consumption = 2,500 kWh Annual Energy Consumption ~ 3 PLASMA TVs = 865 kWh and SET TOP BOXES Complements of EPRI The Future of PEV Charging… Questions or Comments?