Transcript What is MapleSim? - Professor Global

Modeling and Simulation of
HEV and EV Power Electronics
Dr. Sam Dao
Applications Engineer
Paul Goossens
Vice President,
Applications Engineering
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
The HEV/EV Modeling Problem
HEV and EV modeling presents
new problems
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Complex, multi-domain models
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Difficult to run in realtime for HiL
applications
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Coupling between domains can cause
unexpected responses
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Batteries and power electronics are
very complex
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Costly prototypes must be built to
reveal system-level problems
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
The Need for Fast and Accurate Models
Accurate system-level models require accurate battery and power
electronics models
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Electro-chemical battery models are very complicated physical systems with
complicated mathematical descriptions
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Interaction of battery with power electronics and vehicle dynamics reveals higherorder effects can be mitigated
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Access to system-level equations provides further insight
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
HEV Components
HEV Powertrain
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IC Engine
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Simple: controlled torque driver (ideal or lookup map)
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Mean Value: physical equations for overall power output and fuel consumption
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Cycle-by-cycle: detailed four-stroke model
Engine/transmission coupling
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Controllable Friction Clutch (built into MapleSim library)
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Torque Converter (lookup tables for torque ratio and load capacity)
Transmissions
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Basic components
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Decomposed planetary (planet-planet, planet-ring)
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Dual ratio planetary: co-rotating/counter-rotating planets
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Manual 5-speed
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Automatic 4-Speed (ZF 4HP22: 3 planetary gears, 12 clutches)
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6-speed Dual-clutch
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Ravigneaux 4-speed
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Lepelletier 4-Speed
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CR-CR 4-speed
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Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
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Ideal or Lossy (Lookup tables for meshing friction, torque friction, slip)
Differentials
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Passive/Active
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Ideal/Lossy
Energy Storage/Conversion
•Batteries/Fuel Cells
•Motors
•Generation/Regeneration
•Power Conversion
•State-of-charge control
Vehicle Dynamics
•Multibody components for 3D Chassis Modeling
•Chassis/Suspension/Steering
•Stability Analysis and Control
Example: Hybrid-Electric Vehicle
FTP Drive Cycle: Simulation Results
Power Split: Torque/Speed
Video
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Battery Modeling
in MapleSim
Sam Dao, PhD, Maplesoft
Batteries
Details Physics and Equivalent Circuit:
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Lead-Acid
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Ni-MH
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Li-Ion for the following chemistries:
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LiNiO2, LiCoO2, LiV2O5, LiFePO4 (Lithiumiron/iron phosphate), LiMn2O4, LiMn2O4
low plateau, LiTiS2, LiWO3, NaCoO2.
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Approaches to Battery Modeling
Circuit-based models:
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represents battery behaviour as electrical circuit
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conceptually simple
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hides the battery physics
Chemistry-based models
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more accurate modeling of all battery characteristics
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many configuration parameters
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complicated model
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Circuitry Battery Model
Relate SOC to component
values based on
experimental data
Battery capacity
Short and long time
response, charge
depletion and recovery
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Pros:
 Simple and easy to
understand
 Accurate model and fast
to simulate
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Cons:
 Does not include
temperature effects
 New model has to be
developed when battery
parameters are
changed
Open-circuit voltage
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Circuitry Battery Model
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Comparison with actual battery discharge:
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Physics-Based Battery Models
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Lithium-Ion battery modeling using porous electrode theory:
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 Cathode: Li1 y CoO2  yLi  ye  LiCoO2
 Anode:
LiyC6  C6  yLi   ye
Porous negative electrode
contains graphite
Porous separator
Porous positive electrode
contains metal oxides
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Physics-Based Battery Models
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Distribution of liquid-phase concentration over x:
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Physics-Based Battery Models
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Discharge voltage with pulse current (30 A)
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Battery voltage with different cathode
chemistries
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Power Electrical Components
and Circuits in MapleSim
Paul Goossens, Maplesoft
Basic Components
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Semiconductors
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BJT (NPN, PNP)
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MOSFET (N, P)
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Diodes
Triggered components
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Thyristor, GTO
Multi-phase components
Motors/Generators
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DC
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Permanent Magnet, Excited Armatures
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Equivalent Circuit
AC
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Synchronous and Asynchronous
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Multi-phase
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Stepper
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Brushless DC
Power electrical subsystems
IGBT
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
IGBT Single-stage Driver
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Three-phase IGBT Drive
Asynchronous Induction Motor Speed
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
What is MapleSim?
MapleSim is a truly unique physical
modeling tool:
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Built on a foundation of symbolic
computation technology
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Handles all of the complex mathematics
involved in the development of engineering
models
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Multi-domain systems, plant modeling,
control design
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Leverages the power of Maple to take
advantage of extensive analytical tools
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Reduces model development time from
months to days while producing highfidelity, high-performance models
© 2011 Maplesoft, a division of Waterloo Maple Inc.
Summary
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Complex physical modeling is becoming increasingly important
– and increasingly complex – particularly in EV and HEV
systems design, testing and integration
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MapleSim is the ideal tool for rapid development of complex
multi-domain physical models of EV and HEV systems for fullpowertrain simulation and testing
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Extensive range of battery and power-electronic models is
available to give you the fidelity you need
Thank You
Questions?
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