Transcript Hardware
Hardware What is a Computer? Computer is a machine that can be programmed to receive input in the form of data, processes the data according to the set of instructions received and gives the output Device that uses digital technology to process and manipulate information It’s a multi-functional electronic device that can execute instructions to perform a task Cabinet The cabinet contains CPU, Mother board, Add on Cards etc. Mother Board It’s the primary circuit in the computer, which consists of RAM, ROM, BIOS,CMOS, Processor Socket Etc., Mother Board BIOS PCI SLOT RAM Slot AGP Slot Processor Socket Speakers USB RJ45 Parallel Port Serial Port PS/2 Keyboard Monitor Mother Board Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) • Widely Used in Desktops • It is an 8 & 16 bit interface • It is now obsolete – Replaced by the PCI standard • Major drawback was the limited support for Plug and Play ISA Peripheral Component Interconnect(PCI) It’s a 32 bit interface PCI Adapter Installation Upper View of PCI Slot PCI Express It’s a 64 bit interface Used for Server Mother boards and home users. Introduced in 2002. Note that although abbreviated PCI Express is the same as “PCI-X”. Intending to eventually replace the PCI and AGP buses entirely, PCI Express was designed to match the higher speeds of today’s CPUs Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) AGP slot on the Mother board AGP It’s an interface specification that enables 3-D graphics to be displayed effectively on ordinary personal computers. AGP enables the computer to have a dedicated way to communicate with the graphics card, enhancing both the look and speed of computer's graphics. AT Connector ATX Connector Inner View of the CPU Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) It steps up or steps down an unregulated AC input voltage to produce a regulated DC output voltage It’s also used to provide a variable DC voltage to an armature DC motor in a variable speed drive. It’s used in a high-frequency unitypower factor circuit. Rear View Rear View Central Processing Unit ( CPU ) The part of the computer that controls the execution of program instructions The primary chip of the system that manages all the other components of the computer A processor is the logic circuit that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drivers the computer Processor Processor Key Board The most common PC input device Keyboard is a type of device that translates keystrokes into letters or numbers. The letters are then interpreted and based on the instructions given, commands are executed. Key Board Connectors DIN 5 Basic Input and Output System The BIOS facilitates communication between the computer and devices. The BIOS is usually stored in ROM. This special memory chip contains the BIOS software that tells the processor how to interact with the rest of the hardware connected to the computer. BIOS BIOS is installed on the computer's motherboard. It controls the most basic operations and is responsible for starting your computer up and initializing the hardware. It is data that is held in the ROM chip, which can be updated by "flashing". Upgrading the BIOS may correct existing errors, support new CPUs, support new hardware, etc BIOS Screen Shot Complimentary Metal Oxide SemiConductor (CMOS) Your PC has to keep certain settings when it is switched off and its power cord unplugged. Some of these settings include: Date , Time , Hard drive configuration , Memory CMOS is a chip. To prevent CMOS from losing its information (and it’s rather important that it doesn’t, actually), motherboard manufacturers include a small battery, called the CMOS battery, to power the CMOS memory. Modem – MOdulator - DEModulator Modems are devices used by computers to communicate over long distances. A modem is typically used to send digital data over a phone line. The sending modem modulates the data into a signal that is compatible with the phone line, and the receiving modem demodulates the signal back into digital data. Internal Modem connected to the Computer RJ11 How to Connect external Dial Up Modem DB 9 Male Connector Universal Serial Bus (USB) USB is a plug-and-play interface between a computer and add-on devices such as audio players, joysticks, keyboards, scanners and printers. With USB, a new device can be added to your computer without having to add an adapter card or even having to turn the computer off. USB • USB Version 1.0 supports data rates 1-2Mbps • USB version 1.1 supports data rates up to 12Mbps. • The newest version USB 2.0 supports data rates as high as 480Mbps. USB • USB devices are hot-swappable, meaning you can plug them into the bus and unplug them any time. • Up to 127 devices can connect to the host, either directly or by using USB hubs. • The devices connected to a USB port rely on the USB cable to carry power and data. • USB is the latest type of hardware interface for the PC. Fire Wire Fire Wire port is available in Apple MAC Computer it’s used to connect Cam Coder etc. IEEE introduces 1394 Connector. Sony named it as I link. Apple named it as Fire wire. 63 devices can be connected using Fire Wire Hub. Fire Wire IEEE 1394 port, more commonly known as a FireWire port Transmission speed for 1394A is 400 MBPS Transmission speed for 1394B is 800 MBPS It is most often used as a way to get Digital Video into a PC so it can be edited with digital video editing tools. Ports Port is a place where data arrives or departs in a computer There are two types of ports:- Physical ports and Logical ports Physical ports:- E.g.. USB, Serial Port and Parallel Port Logical ports:- E.g. Telnet, FTP and SMTP Logical Ports Application Name: Port Number: FTP 20,21 Telnet 23 SMTP 25 HTTP 80 POP3 110 Serial Port • A serial port "serializes" data. It takes a byte of data and transmits the 8 bits one at a time. The advantage is that a serial port needs only one wire to transmit the 8 bits (while a parallel port needs 8). Serial Port Serial ports lower cable costs and make cables smaller. Most modems still use the serial port, as do some printers, PDA and digital cameras. Parallel Port Parallel ports can be used to connect a host of computer peripherals: Printers, Scanners, CD burners, External hard drives, Network adapters, Tape back up drivers Parallel Port When a PC sends data to a printer or any other device using a parallel port, it sends 8 bits of data (1 byte) at a time. These 8 bits are transmitted parallel to each other. The standard parallel port is capable of sending 50 to 100 kilobytes of data per second How to connect a Printer Monitor The most common Output device Flat Panel Display Color light-emitting diode (LED) displays have three adjoining cells, each equipped with a different color filter: one red, one blue, and one green. This allows a display that makes use of the RGB color system. There are several different types of LCD displays, varying in quality of output and cost. Monochrome Black & White Monitor Flat Monitor • Monitors have a flat display screen to reduce glare. • Conventional display screens are curved, which makes them more susceptible to reflections from external light sources. Liquid Crystal Display LCD (liquid crystal display) is the technology used for displays in notebook and other smaller computers. Like lightemitting diode (LED) and gas-plasma technologies, LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. LCDs consume much less power than LED and gas-display displays because they work on the principle of blocking light rather than emitting it. Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) • • • • • It’s a 32 bit slot It’s also known as “PC Cards” It is widely used in Laptops PCMCIA is 16 bit where as Card bus is 32 bit. Mostly, Card bus slot will be backward compatible for a PCMCIA card. The opposite is not true Types of PC Cards Type I cards are 3.3mm thick and are most commonly used for memory cards. Type II cards are 5mm thick and are mostly used for modems and LAN adapters. This is the most common PC card type found today, and most systems have at least two Type II slots (or one Type III slot). The Type III slot is 10.5mm thick. It is most commonly used for the PC card hard disks. Developers have been slowly introducing these devices to the market. PC Cards How to insert a PC Card Printers The most common output device Three Types of Printers • Ink Jet • Laser Jet • Dot Matrix Ink Jet • A printer that places ink on the paper by spraying droplets through tiny nozzles. Laser Jet A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that produces high quality printing and produces both text and graphical outputs. Dot Matrix Dot Matrix printer uses series of pins to create an image on paper. They are the most economical way to print information A pattern of dots that forms characters and graphical images on paper Computer