Transcript IEEE 1394, USB, and AGP

IEEE 1394, USB, and AGP
High Speed Transfer
AGP
• Accelerated Graphics Port
– Intended to create a faster means of retrieving
data from the computer to the graphics card
– Simply enhanced from the PCI architecture
– Designed by Intel Corporation
AGP – Purpose Of Design
• As technology progresses and overall
demand increases, the demand from the
user for fast and smooth flowing graphics
also increases
• Software demands are continuously
growing
• 3D Rendering has a high demand for
memory bandwidth
AGP vs. PCI
• Enhanced from PCI architecture running at 66 MHz
• Four Enhancements Made:
– Deeply Pipelined memory read and write operations, fully hiding
memory access latency
– Demultiplexing of address and data on bus to allow almost 100%
bus efficiency
– New AC timing in the 3.3v electrical specification that provides
for one or two data transfers per 66-MHz clock cycle, allowing for
data throughput in excess of 500 MB/s
– A new low voltage electrical specification that allows four data
transfers per 66MHz clock cycle, providing real data throughput
of up to 1 GB/s
Intel Corporation (AGP Interface Specification)
AGP vs. PCI
• Architecture of AGP is identical to PCI
except for the four enhancements of AGP
• AGP’s work on an independent bus than
that of the PCI ports
• The physical make-up of PCI cards and
AGP cards are not interchangeable
IEEE 1394
• Created by Apple in 1986
– FireWire
• IEEE standard 1394 created 1995
• High speed data transfer
– Up to 400 mb/s
– Working on 1 gb/s
• Much faster than IDE and SCSI
IEEE 1394 – Cable Design
• 6 wires
– Two power
– Two twisted pairs
IEEE 1394 – Limitations
• 1394 Cable can not exceed 4.5 meters
– Can be increased
• 63 1394 devices can be connected in a
chain
• Non-cyclical
IEEE 1394 – Application
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Video
Audio
Hard Drives
DVD
USB
• Universal Serial Bus
– Designed by Intel Corporation
– Originally Designed for:
• Connection of PC to Telephone
• Ease-Of-Use
• Port Expansion
USB 2
• USB 2 was born as a modification of the original
USB architecture
• Designed to deal with the increasing technology
demand and increasing need to deal with large
amounts of data
• Digital Media is a perfect example of increasing
needs to deal with large amounts of data due to
high resolution pictures and movies which create
high density files
USB 1 vs. USB 2
• USB 1
– Minimum transfer rate of 1.5 MB/s
– Maximum transfer rate of 12 MB/s
• USB 2
– Maximum transfer rate of 480 MB/s
• USB 2 has a maximum transfer rate 40x
faster than USB 1!
USB - Connectors
• Connector A is commonly
located upstream from
the host
– It usually connects to the
PC
• Connector B is commonly
located downstream from
the USB device
– It usually connects to the
peripheral
USB – So Much More
• There is a much more complex system behind
USB than what has been shown here
• USB often supplies its peripherals with its own
power supply, indicating a sophisticated
electrical system
• Most of the concepts are out of our
comprehension at this point
• These concepts can be found in the USB
Specification found at WWW.INTEL.COM