Transcript NT & Unix Configuration Issues

Ethics
William Hugh Murray
October 10, 2001
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Ethics
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“Wisdom:
The ability to recognize the right in
novel circumstances.”
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Ethics
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Ethical:
2. being in accordance with the rules
or standards for right conduct or
practice, esp. the standards of a
profession;
Example: It was not considered ethical for
physicians to advertise.
NPS CISR
Ethics
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Rules and Standards of
Right Conduct
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Tradition
Culture
Manners
Codes, e.g., the Decalog, the Hippocratic Oath
Precedent
Regulations
Laws
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Ethical:
2. being in accordance with the rules or
standards for right conduct or practice;
orderly or well-behaved
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Ethics
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The Ethical Dilemma
• A choice of action
• Not a choice between right and wrong
or good and evil
• Not obvious or of uncertain outcome
• Greater of goods
• Lesser of evils
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Dilemma Paradigms
• Truth versus loyalty
• Individual versus community
• Short-term versus long-term
• Justice versus mercy
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Ethical Frameworks
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Utilitarianism (John Suart Mill)
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Contractarianism (Locke, Rousseau)
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Categorical Imperative
Reciprocity
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“Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
Pluralism (Moral Duty) (Emmanuel Kant)
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Rights of citizenship
Natural Rights
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Happiness; greatest good for the greatest number.
The Golden Rule
Principalism (Beuachamp, Childress)
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Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
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“Western civilization grounds itself in certain
principles, all of them imperfectly applied:
• democracy
• free speech
• an independent judiciary
• secular government
• private property
• and equality before the law.
We not only believe these ideals are crucial to us; we
also imagine that in local adaptations they can be of
use to all of humanity.” -- Robert Fulford
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Ethical Agent:
• Individual
• Official of an Institution
• Decision Maker
• Authority
• Policy Maker
with some freedom or choice of action and a
duty to decide and act.
Contrast to stakeholder or constituent.
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Ethics
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Working Group Asserts New Values
for Computer Security
At the National Conference on Computing and Values the Security Working Group
suggested a new set of values for computer security. These values are intended to
serve as the ethical foundation and guidance for computer security. The working
group proposed four primary values:
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Computer security should preserve of public confidence and trust in computers;
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It should enforce fair information practices;
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It should resist fraud, waste and abuse.
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Preserve the legitimate interests of the constituents of the system.
The working group considered and rejected the inclusion of "national security" and
"preservation of public order". Rather it argued that these should be subsumed
under the protection of the legitimate interests of the constituents of the system.
NPS CISR
Ethics
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