Transcript Utilitarian
Agenda – 10/4/05 Culture presentation Article presentation Jessica– Camphinha-Bacote Ch 5, 6 Charisse – Camphiha- Bacote Ch. 7 Vanessa – deChesnay. Ch 11 Ethics Ethics Character, manners, moral, doing good Knowledge & value; reasoning Theories Altruism – love others over oneself Egoism – individual first Hedonism – pleasure over all other values Rational paternalisms Relativism & subjectivism – each culture &/or individual decides what is right or wrong Basic Theories Utilitarianism – goal-based the greatest happiness for the greatest number Deontology – duty based, love-based Autonomy – human right; self-determination Beneficence – do good Justice - fairness Non-maleficence – do no harm Veracity – telling the truth Fidelity - keeping promise Comparison of 2 major theories Utilitarian Deontology Consequences Action & motives Who is the majority Value What is happiness knowledge Ethical theory & scientific theory Justify human action Explain phenomenon Acceptance of theory True or false Action Predict, control Roles of the nurse Nurse’s fundamental responsibility- value, concern, goals Ethics of caring – empathy, nurturing, commitment, being an advocate Participation of the family in decision making – social assessment Ethical Issues in Nursing Quantity vs. quality of life Pro-choice vs. pro-life Freedom vs. control Truth-telling vs. deception Distribution of limited resources Empirical knowledge vs. personal belief Methods of moral reasoning Deductive – code, creed, … Inductive – custom, cases, … Inflexibility, value conflict, no motivation Static & preventing progressive social change Intuition – combination of subjective, objective, & relativistic aspect Dialectical – philosophical aspect, art… Ethical Issues - principles Autonomy – who’s decision Beneficence, Nonmaleficence Justice, fairness –allocation of resources Veracity (truth-telling) – white lie Informed consent – level of knowledge Quality of life/sanctity of life The golden rule – time & circumstances Issues of Ethical Rights Right to privacy - confidentiality Right to decide what happens to one’s body Right to health care Right to information Right to choose whom you care for Right to live, right to die Rights of children/ senior Issues of Ethical Duties/Obligations Respect Be accountable, competent -> decision making Participation -> contribute to professional knowledge base Implementation -> improve standard of profession & prevent illegal practice Issues of concern in life cycle Contraception and sterilization Genetic engineering and embryo transfer Abortion Infanticide Adolescent sexuality Allocation of scarce resources Lifestyle Euthanasia Related to Culture Language – communication Value – decision maker Knowledge – bill of rights Cultural competence training Health care institutions Nursing service Interdisciplinary programs Orientation – demographic data of the pop, ethical-legal consequences, appropriate resources In-service – Interdisciplinary team Nursing education Undergraduate level – core course Graduate level – specialty areas Factors to consider Time – past vs. present, interpretation Circumstances – setting, knowledge Religion – beliefs, creation vs. revolution Science – hard data vs. philosophy Technology – change of nature References Marrella, L. (2001). In search of ethics: conversations with men and women of character. D.C. Press (www.focusonethics.com) Business ethics, www.business-ethics.com The Ethics Resource Center, www.ethics.org Institute of Business Ethics, www,ibe,org,uk Junior Achievement’s Business Ethics Center, www.ja.org/programs/programs_ethics.shtml Discussion & stories Genetic therapy for fetus to prevent Alzheimer Euthanasia Disaster – triage Children health insurance program Human organs for sale Prepare for next class (10/11) Culture presentation Gisela – Russian Charisse – Nepali Virginia - Vietnamese Article presentation Charisse Mark Vanessa Patty x 3