Transcript CHAP 9

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Chapter 9
School Age
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
School Age
 Period is known as school age, middle years, or
late childhood
 Characteristics
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Starts with formal education and ends with puberty
Growth slow and steady
Children move from family toward peers
Children are less self-centered more goal directed
Loss of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth appear
Sexual tranquility replaces curiosity
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Physical Characteristics
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Height and weight
Bone and muscle development
Sensory development
Dentition
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Physical Characteristics (continued)
 Development of gastrointestinal and
nervous system
 Development of the immune system
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Vital Signs
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Temperature
Pulse
Respirations
Blood pressure
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Developmental Milestones
 Motor development
 Increased muscle mass and strength
 Improved gross and fine motor skills
 Increased endurance and coordination
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Sexual Development
 Still sexually curious
 Learn about own sexuality
 Freud’s period of normal homosexuality
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Psychosocial Development
 Erikson’s stage of Industry
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Seen as producers
School work important
Need for positive reinforcement
Need immediate gratification from work
Peer relationships very important
Family relationships important but secondary to
friendships
 Privacy important
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Discipline
 Discipline is important—teaches boundaries
and limits
 Need praise and reward
 Need to take responsibility for possessions
and have small jobs at home
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Special Psychosocial Concerns
 Television violence
 Video/computer usage
 Unsupervised time after school
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Cognitive Development
 Piaget—Concrete operational stage
 Causation
 Concept of conservation
 Seriation
 Increased attention span
 Able to follow rules
 Concepts of time, space, and dimension
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Cognitive Development (continued)
 Concerns regarding bullying
 School an important aspect of this stage
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Moral Development
 Move from Kohlberg’s preconventional
stage to conventional stage—begin to make
moral decisions
 Reciprocity
 Ethical decision-making
 Internalize a moral code
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Communication
 More effective communication
 Improved vocabulary, grammar, and
sentence structure
 Use slang, swear words, and secret
language
Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition
Nutrition
 Follow the food pyramid
 Caloric intake based on body size, activity,
and metabolism
 Culture and family influence likes and
dislikes
 Need diets low in saturated fats
 Breakfast an important meal
 Food fads common
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Nutrition (continued)
 Concern—Obesity
 Physical effects
 Psychological impact
 Strategies to manage obesity
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Sleep and Rest
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Sleep routines well established
Need 10-12 hours of sleep
Some could benefit from short nap
Nightmares and interrupted sleep
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Play
 Focus of play is based on reality and
concrete thinking
 Cooperative style using compromise
 Team play and competitive sports begin
 Crafts and quiet activities still of interest
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Safety
 Motor vehicle accidents still a concern
 Common accidents are related to:
 Biking
 Skating
 Swimming/diving
 Internet dangers
 School violence
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Health Promotion
 Considered a healthy period of development
 Need good hygiene and daily care
 Routine physical exams
 Eye exam
 Hearing tests
 Scoliosis screening
 Routine immunizations
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Special Health Concerns
 Substance abuse
 Alcohol
 Tobacco
 Drugs
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Chapter Challenge
 List three developmental milestones for the
school-age child
 Describe the cognitive level of functioning at
this age
 Explain how moral development occurs at
this stage