Transcript 5. ETHICAL & SOCIAL IMPACT OF IS SYSTEMS

5.1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• UNDERSTAND ETHICAL, SOCIAL,
POLITICAL ISSUES RAISED BY
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• IDENTIFY, APPLY MORAL
DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION
SOCIETY
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5.2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• APPLY ETHICAL ANALYSIS
• UNDERSTAND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
FOR CONDUCT
• DEVELOP CORPORATE POLICIES
FOR ETHICAL CONDUCT
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5.3
MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
• UNDERSTAND MORAL RISKS OF
NEW TECHNOLOGY
• INCLUDE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
ISSUES IN ETHICS POLICIES
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5.5
ETHICS
PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND WRONG
USED BY INDIVIDUALS
AS FREE MORAL AGENTS
TO GUIDE BEHAVIOR
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5.5
MORAL DIMENSIONS OF THE
INFORMATION AGE
• INFORMATION RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS
• PROPERTY RIGHTS
• ACCOUNTABILITY & CONTROL
• SYSTEM QUALITY
• QUALITY OF LIFE
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5.6
ETHICAL, SOCIAL & POLITICAL
ISSUES
INFORMATION
RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS
POLITICAL ISSUES
SOCIAL ISSUES
PROPERTY
RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS
ETHICAL ISSUES
INFORMATION
&
TECHNOLOGY
ACCOUNTABILITY
& CONTROL
INDIVIDUAL
SOCIETY
POLITY
5.7
QUALITY OF LIFE
SYSTEM
QUALITY
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS &
ETHICAL ISSUES
• COMPUTING POWER DOUBLES EVERY 18
MONTHS
• ADVANCES IN DATA STORAGE
• ADVANCES IN DATA MINING
TECHNIQUES
• ADVANCES IN NETWORKING
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5.8
ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION
SOCIETY
• RESPONSIBILITY: Accepting costs, duties,
obligations for decisions
• ACCOUNTABILITY: Assessing
responsibilities for decisions & actions
• LIABILITY: Must pay for legal damages
• DUE PROCESS: Insures laws are applied
properly
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5.9
ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION
SOCIETY
ETHICAL ANALYSIS:
• IDENTIFY, DESCRIBE FACTS
• DEFINE CONFLICT, IDENTIFY VALUES
• IDENTIFY STAKEHOLDERS
• IDENTIFY OPTIONS
• IDENTIFY POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES
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5.10
ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION
SOCIETY
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES:
• TREAT OTHERS AS YOU WANT TO BE TREATED
• IF ACTION NOT RIGHT FOR EVERYONE, NOT
RIGHT FOR ANYONE (KANT)
• IF ACTION NOT REPEATABLE, NOT RIGHT AT
ANY TIME (DESCARTES)
• PUT VALUE ON OUTCOMES, UNDERSTAND
CONSEQUENCES
• INCUR LEAST HARM OR COST
• NO FREE LUNCH
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5.11
INFORMATION RIGHTS
PRIVACY: Right to be left alone
FAIR INFORMATION PRACTICES (FIP):
• NO SECRET PERSONAL RECORDS
• INDIVIDUALS CAN ACCESS, AMEND
INFORMATION ABOUT THEM
• USE INFO ONLY WITH PRIOR CONSENT
• MANAGERS ACCOUNTABLE FOR
DAMAGE DONE BY SYSTEMS
• GOVERNMENTS CAN INTERVENE
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5.12
U.S. FEDERAL PRIVACY LAWS
GENERAL FEDERAL PRIVACY LAWS:
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 1968
PRIVACY ACT OF 1975
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PRIVACY ACT OF
1986
COMPUTER MATCHING AND PRIVACY
PROTECTION ACT OF 1988
COMPUTER SECURITY ACT OF 1987
FEDERAL MANAGERS FINANCIAL INTEGRITY ACT
OF 1982
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5.13
U.S. FEDERAL PRIVACY LAWS
PRIVACY LAWS AFFECTING PRIVATE
INSTITUTIONS:
FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT, 1970
FAMILY EDUCATION RIGHTS & PRIVACY ACT OF
1978
RIGHT TO FINANCIAL PRIVACY ACT OF 1978
PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT OF 1980
CABLE COMMUNICATIONS POLICY ACT OF 1984
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PRIVACY ACT OF
1986
VIDEO PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT OF 1988
5.14
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: INTANGIBLE
CREATIONS PROTECTED BY LAW
TRADE SECRET: INTELLECTUAL WORK OR
PRODUCT BELONGING TO BUSINESS,
NOT IN PUBLIC DOMAIN
COPYRIGHT: STATUTORY GRANT
PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
FROM COPYING BY OTHERS FOR 28
YEARS
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5.15
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
TRADE MARK: LEGALLY REGISTERED
MARK, DEVICE, OR NAME TO
DISTINGUISH ONE’S GOODS
PATENT: LEGAL DOCUMENT GRANTING
OWNER EXCLUSIVE MONOPOLY ON AN
INVENTION FOR 17 YEARS
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5.16
NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY:
ACCOUNTABILITY, LIABILITY &
CONTROL
ETHICAL ISSUES: WHO IS MORALLY
RESPONSIBLE FOR
CONSEQUENCES OF USE?
SOCIAL ISSUES: WHAT SHOULD
SOCIETY EXPECT AND ALLOW?
POLITICAL ISSUES: TO WHAT EXTENT
SHOULD GOVERNMENT
INTERVENE, PROTECT?
5.17
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SYSTEM QUALITY: DATA
QUALITY & SYSTEM ERRORS
ETHICAL ISSUES: WHEN IS SOFTWARE OR
SERVICE READY FOR RELEASE?
SOCIAL ISSUES: CAN PEOPLE TRUST
QUALITY OF SOFTWARE, SERVICES,
DATA?
POLITICAL ISSUES: SHOULD CONGRESS
OR INDUSTRY DEVELOP STANDARDS
FOR SOFTWARE, HARDWARE, DATA
QUALITY?
5.18
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QUALITY OF LIFE
CENTRALIZATION VS. DECENTRALIZATION
RAPID CHANGE: REDUCED RESPONSE
TIME TO COMPETITION
MAINTAINING BOUNDARIES: family, work,
leisure
DEPENDENCE AND VULNERABILITY
COMPUTER CRIME & ABUSE
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5.19
QUALITY OF LIFE
EMPLOYMENT: trickle-down
technology; reengineering job loss
EQUITY & ACCESS: increasing racial &
social class cleavages
HEALTH RISKS
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5.20
QUALITY OF LIFE
HEALTH RISKS:
• REPETITIVE STRESS INJURY (RSI)
• CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (CTS)
• COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME (CVS)
• TECHNOSTRESS: Irritation, hostility,
impatience, enervation, fear
• VDT RADIATION
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5.21
MANAGEMENT ACTIONS: A
CORPORATE CODE OF ETHICS
INFORMATION RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS
PROPERTY RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS
ACCOUNTABILITY & CONTROL
SYSTEM QUALITY
QUALITY OF LIFE
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5.22
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5.23
5.24