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CHAPTER 14. ETHICAL &
SOCIAL IMPACT
OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
14.1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• ANALYZE ETHICAL, SOCIAL,
POLITICAL ISSUES RAISED BY
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• IDENTIFY, APPLY MORAL
DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION
SOCIETY
*
14.2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• APPLY ETHICAL ANALYSIS
• UNDERSTAND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
FOR CONDUCT
• DEVELOP CORPORATE POLICIES
FOR ETHICAL CONDUCT
*
14.3
MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
• UNDERSTAND ETHICAL & SOCIAL
ISSUES RELATED TO SYSTEMS
• ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION
SOCIETY
• MORAL DIMENSION OF
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
*
14.4
ETHICS
PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND WRONG
USED BY INDIVIDUALS
AS FREE MORAL AGENTS
TO GUIDE BEHAVIOR
*
14.5
MORAL DIMENSIONS OF THE
INFORMATION AGE
• INFORMATION RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS
• PROPERTY RIGHTS
• ACCOUNTABILITY & CONTROL
• SYSTEM QUALITY
• QUALITY OF LIFE
*
14.6
ETHICAL, SOCIAL & POLITICAL
ISSUES
INFORMATION
RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS
POLITICAL ISSUES
SOCIAL ISSUES
PROPERTY
RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS
ETHICAL ISSUES
INFORMATION
&
TECHNOLOGY
ACCOUNTABILITY
& CONTROL
INDIVIDUAL
SOCIETY
POLITY
14.7
QUALITY OF LIFE
SYSTEM
QUALITY
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS &
ETHICAL ISSUES
• COMPUTING POWER DOUBLES EVERY 18
MONTHS
• DECLINING COSTS OF DATA STORAGE
• DATA MINING ADVANCES
• NETWORKING ADVANCES
*
14.8
ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION
SOCIETY
• RESPONSIBILITY: Accepting costs, duties,
obligations for decisions
• ACCOUNTABILITY: Assessing
responsibilities for decisions & actions
• LIABILITY: Must pay for legal damages
• DUE PROCESS: Insures laws are applied
properly
*
14.9
ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION
SOCIETY
ETHICAL ANALYSIS:
• IDENTIFY, DESCRIBE FACTS
• DEFINE CONFLICT, IDENTIFY VALUES
• IDENTIFY STAKEHOLDERS
• IDENTIFY OPTIONS
• IDENTIFY POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES
*
14.10
ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION
SOCIETY
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES:
• TREAT OTHERS AS YOU WANT TO BE TREATED
• IF ACTION NOT RIGHT FOR EVERYONE, NOT
RIGHT FOR ANYONE (KANT)
• IF ACTION NOT REPEATABLE, NOT RIGHT AT
ANY TIME (DESCARTES)
• PUT VALUE ON OUTCOMES, UNDERSTAND
CONSEQUENCES
• INCUR LEAST HARM OR COST
• NO FREE LUNCH
*
14.11
INFORMATION RIGHTS
PRIVACY: Right to be left alone
FAIR INFORMATION PRACTICES (FIP):
• NO SECRET PERSONAL RECORDS
• INDIVIDUALS CAN ACCESS, AMEND
INFORMATION ABOUT THEM
• USE INFO ONLY WITH PRIOR CONSENT
• MANAGERS ACCOUNTABLE FOR
DAMAGE DONE BY SYSTEMS
• GOVERNMENTS CAN INTERVENE
*
14.12
U.S. FEDERAL PRIVACY LAWS
GENERAL FEDERAL PRIVACY LAWS:
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 1968
PRIVACY ACT OF 1974
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PRIVACY ACT OF
1986
COMPUTER MATCHING AND PRIVACY
PROTECTION ACT OF 1988
COMPUTER SECURITY ACT OF 1987
FEDERAL INTERNET PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT
OF 1997
*
14.13
U.S. FEDERAL PRIVACY LAWS
PRIVACY LAWS AFFECTING PRIVATE
INSTITUTIONS:
FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT, 1970
FAMILY EDUCATION RIGHTS & PRIVACY ACT OF
1978
RIGHT TO FINANCIAL PRIVACY ACT OF 1978
PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT OF 1980
CABLE COMMUNICATIONS POLICY ACT OF 1984
*
14.14
U.S. FEDERAL PRIVACY LAWS
MORE PRIVACY LAWS AFFECTING PRIVATE
INSTITUTIONS:
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PRIVACY ACT OF
1986
VIDEO PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT OF 1988
CONSUMER INTERNET PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT
OF 1997
COMMUNICATIONS PRIVACY & CONSUMER
EMPOWERMENT ACT OF 1997
DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 1997
*
14.15
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Intangible
creations protected by law
TRADE SECRET: Intellectual work or
product belonging to business, not in
public domain
COPYRIGHT: Statutory grant protecting
intellectual property from copying by
others for 28 years
*
14.16
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
TRADE MARK: Legally registered mark,
device, or name to distinguish one’s
goods
PATENT: Legal document granting owner
exclusive monopoly on an invention for 17
years
*
14.17
ACCOUNTABILITY, LIABILITY &
CONTROL
ETHICAL ISSUES: Who is morally
responsible for consequences of
use?
SOCIAL ISSUES: What should society
expect and allow?
POLITICAL ISSUES: To what extent
should government intervene,
protect?
14.18
*
SYSTEM QUALITY: DATA
QUALITY & SYSTEM ERRORS
ETHICAL ISSUES: When is software or
service ready for release?
SOCIAL ISSUES: Can people trust quality of
software, services, data?
POLITICAL ISSUES: Should congress or
industry develop standards for software,
hardware, data quality?
*
14.19
QUALITY OF LIFE
CENTRALIZATION VS. DECENTRALIZATION
RAPID CHANGE: Reduced response time to
competition
MAINTAINING BOUNDARIES: Family, work,
leisure
DEPENDENCE AND VULNERABILITY
COMPUTER CRIME & ABUSE
*
14.20
QUALITY OF LIFE
EMPLOYMENT: trickle-down
technology; reengineering job loss
EQUITY & ACCESS: increasing racial &
social class cleavages
HEALTH RISKS
*
14.21
QUALITY OF LIFE
HEALTH RISKS:
• REPETITIVE STRESS INJURY (RSI)
• CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (CTS)
• COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME (CVS)
• TECHNOSTRESS: Irritation, hostility,
impatience, enervation, fear
• VDT RADIATION
*
14.22
MANAGEMENT ACTIONS: A
CORPORATE CODE OF ETHICS
INFORMATION RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS
PROPERTY RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS
ACCOUNTABILITY & CONTROL
SYSTEM QUALITY
QUALITY OF LIFE
*
14.23
Connect to the INTERNET
Laudon/Laudon Web site:
http://www.prenhall.com/laudon
Additional Internet Resources related to this chapter:
http://www.lightlink.com/fors/
http://www.cpsr.org/dox/home.html
gopher://gopher.vortex.com/privacy
http://pages.ripco.com:8080/~glr/stalk.html
http://www.cybergold.com
http://www.netscapeworld.com/netscapeworld/nw-021997/nw-02-cookiehowto.html
14.24
© 2001 Laudon & Laudon, Essentials of Management Information Systems 4/e
CHAPTER 14. ETHICAL &
SOCIAL IMPACT
OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
14.25