Transcript 第五课

Unit 5
How to Be True to Yourself
Text 1
How to Be True to
Yourself?
Denis Waitley
Pre-reading Activity
Film episode 1
Pinocchio
Questions for Comprehension:
1. What does Fairy’s “a real boy” connote?
2. What role does Fairy hope Cricket to
play in guiding Pinocchio's behavior?
Pre-reading Activity
Film episode 2
Dead Poets Society
Questions:
1.Why did all the students stand up?
2.Why didn’t Mr. Nolan’s order work ?
Richard Cameron
Todd Anderson
Neil Perry
Charles Dalton
Pre-reading Activity
"Don't Do This!"
Quiz on Academic
Integrity
"Don't Do This!"
Quiz on Academic Integrity
 Question
1:
You realize that another student is
looking at your test paper. You don't
know the second student, but you don't
make any effort to cover your paper.
We know the other student is cheating
but are you guilty of academic
dishonesty?
"Don't Do This!"
Quiz on Academic Integrity
 Question
2:
The final exam in your class is a takehome test. The professor's instructions
state that you may only consult the
following resources: library books, class
notes, texts, and the professor or TA.
You and your roommate discussed one of
the questions, but you wrote your own
answer. Is this a problem?
"Don't Do This!"
Quiz on Academic Integrity
 Question
3:
You spent hours writing an excellent
research paper for your English class in
the fall. You have to do a research
paper on any topic for your sociology
class this semester. Is it wise to turn
in the same paper?
"Don't Do This!"
Quiz on Academic Integrity
 Question
4:
It is late at night and your paper is
due at 9:00 a.m. the next day. You
used a lot of material from a couple
of books, but you didn't quote
anything and, therefore, you didn't
include any footnotes. Is this
plagiarism (剽窃) or just sloppy work?
"Don't Do This!"
Quiz on Academic Integrity
 Question
5:
You have had a tough semester and are
having trouble focusing on a term paper
you must write. You have acquired
"research material", a paper from the
World Wide Web on your topic, that will
get you started with information and
organization. With all the other
pressures, it seems tempting to make a
few minor changes and turn the paper in.
Should you?
Plagiarism
 Plagiarism,
which is a form of
intellectual dishonesty, is now
seriously corroding (腐蚀) the integrity
in academic fields.
 infringement of intellectual property
copyright infringement 版权侵犯
to infringe on intellectual property
to violate copyright law
Acts of Plagiarism
use someone else’s words, ideas, or works as
yours
 use pages or paragraphs from published works
without permission
 quote the works of others without permission
 use materials from the Internet or obscure
sources
 change a few words or the sequence of some
sentences or paragraphs
 claim the product as your own original work

Oral Practice
Have you experienced a moral or
ethical dilemma in your life?
Describe what happened to you and
how you reacted.
First Reading:
Understanding the Text
How to Be True to Yourself
 Topic
of the essay:
How to be true to yourself
/ How to become a person of integrity
1.What is integrity?
 Dictionary
definition:
steadfast
adherence to a
strict moral or
ethical code;
honesty and
trustworthiness
恪守严格的道德规范:
正直, 诚实, 诚信
1. What is integrity?
How does the author define integrity?
Integrity means having a personal
standard of morality and ethics that does
not sell out to expediency and that is not
relative to the situation at hand.
Integrity is an inner standard for judging
your behavior. (Para.2)
Integrity means you do what you do
because it’s right and not just fashionable
or politically correct. (Para. 15)
Paraphrase
1.What is integrity?
How do you define integrity?
Reference:
Integrity means you are upright, honest,
and sincere in all you do, and in all things
you act justly and honorably. You put
honesty, sense of duty, and sound moral
principles above all else. A person with
integrity doesn’t just “talk the talk,” she
or he also “walks the walk."
Oral Practice
Which historical figure do you think
can be regarded as one with
integrity? Why?
2. The necessity to write about the
concept “integrity”:
 a contrast:
the firm belief in it demonstrated by the
author’s grandparents and their
generations
vs. the present scarcity of it
 the
importance of integrity:
It is the real bottom line in every area of
society. And it is something we must
demand of ourselves.
Paraphrase
3. How to become a man of integrity:
three key principles – “the integrity Triad”
1) Stand firmly for your convictions in the
face of personal pressure.
When you are right, you can't back
down.
Paraphrase
3. How to become a man of integrity:
three key principles – “the integrity Triad”
2) Always give others credit that is
rightfully theirs.
Don't be afraid of those who might
have a better idea or might even be
smarter than you are.
Nesting Dolls
Paraphrase
3. How to become a man of integrity:
three key principles – “the integrity Triad”
3) Be honest and open about what you
really are.
Face reality and be adult in your
responses to life's challenges.
Self-respect and a clear conscience
are powerful components of integrity
and are the basis for enriching your
relationships with others
Paraphrase
4. Benefit and prospect a life of
principle will bring you:
A life of principle will be rewarding in that:
 A life of principle, of not succumbing to
the seductive sirens of an easy morality,
will always win the day.
 It will take you forward into the 21st
century without having to check your
tracks in a rearview mirror.
Paraphrase
Further Discussion of Ideas
from the Text
 1.
Life is like a field of newly
fallen snow; where we choose to
walk every step will show.
Further Discussion of Ideas
from the Text
 2.
Integrity is an inner standard
for judging our behavior.
Further Discussion of Ideas
from the Text
 3.
Integrity is in short supply today
even if it is the bottom line in
every area of society.
Other tips on how to be true
to oneself:
An Introduction to the Author
Denis Waitley
one of the most soughtafter keynote speakers
and productivity
consultants in the world
today
Denis Waitley Quotations
 Responsibility:
A sign of wisdom and maturity is when
you come to terms with the realization
that your decisions cause your rewards
and consequences. You are responsible
for your life, and your ultimate success
depends on the choices you make.
 Friendship:
A smile is the light in your window that
tells others that there is a caring,
sharing person inside.
 Problem
Solving:
Don't dwell on what went wrong.
Instead, focus on what to do next.
Spend your energies on moving forward
toward finding the answer.

Overcoming Failure:
Failure should be our teacher, not our
undertaker. Failure is delay, not defeat.
It is a temporary detour, not a dead
end. Failure is something we can avoid
only by saying nothing, doing nothing,
and being nothing.
 Overcoming
Failure:
Forget about the consequences of failure.
Failure is only a temporary change in
direction to set you straight for your next
success.
 Overcoming Failure:
When you make a mistake or get ridiculed or
rejected, look at mistakes as learning
experiences, and ridicule as ignorance. Look at
rejection as part of one performance, not as a
turn down of the performer.
 Life:
View life as a continuous learning
experience.
Style of Writing
/ Genre (文艺作品的体裁; 类型)
A mixed genre of exposition and
argumentation:
 In term of exposition, it is developed
by the strategy of “classification”.
 It exhibits the logics of argumentation.
Classification used in
expository writing:
 Divide
things into groups or types so
that those with similar characteristics
are in the same group.
 To
deal with complex or abstract topics
by breaking a broad subject into
smaller, neatly sorted categories.
Thread of argument in the text:





To define “integrity”;
To weigh its importance in current
times;
To argue that integrity is “in short
supply”;
To show why integrity has its worth;
To argue that integrity “will win the
day”.
Structural Analysis of the Text
Thesis
 Integrity
is of paramount importance
in all social activities.
 Integrity may consist of three life
principles.
 A life of principle will win the day.
Structural Analysis of the Text
Part One(1-2)
Preface
 personal story to introduce the concept
“integrity”
 the importance of integrity
vs. its getting scarcer
 the necessity to write about the
concept
Structural Analysis of the
Text
Part Two (3-14)
Deductive method in explanation of
each principle of the Integrity Triad
Logics among the three principles:
Parallel
Exterior
Interior
Macro
Micro
Structural Analysis of the Text
Part Two (3-14)
Para. 3-8
 To put forward a model of “Integrity
Triad”.
 The first key principle:
– To stand firmly for your convictions
in the face of personal pressure.
Structural Analysis of the Text
Part Two (3-14)
Para. 9-11
 The second key principle
-- To give others credit that is
rightfully theirs
Structural Analysis of the Text
Part Two (3-14)
Para. 12-14
 The third key principle
– To be honest and open about what
you really are
Structural Analysis of the Text
Part Three (15)
Conclusion
The author further explains what
integrity means and points out what
benefit and prospect a life of principle
will bring you.
 To rephrase the definition of integrity;
 To reiterate the significance of integrity.
Critical Thinking on the Logics
of the Text
 Is
there any overlapping content
among the three principles of the
Integrity Triad?
 Strictly speaking, there are flaws
in the writer’s argumentation. Have
you spotted any such flaws in the
thread of argument?
Background Information
Russian Nesting Doll
Background Information
Siren, in Greek mythology
海妖塞壬/莎琳
a group of sea nymphs
represented with the head of a woman and the
body of a bird
 daughters of Achelous ([希神]河神),
 inhabited an island surrounded by dangerous
rocks
 by their sweet singing lured mariners (水手，海员)
to destruction on the rocks surrounding their
island.


Background Information
Siren, in Greek mythology
 海妖塞壬
Odysseus managed to save himself and his men
from the Sirens by putting melted wax in his
crew's ears and tying himself to the mast,
making the crew swear they would not release
him however desperately he begged.
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 2

… integrity means having a personal standard
of morality and ethics that does not sell out
to expediency and that is not relative to the
situation at hand.
Paraphrase:
… integrity means that one should have a set
of moral principles that one does not betray
for the purpose of gaining advantages or
personal benefits and that is not affected
by any external circumstances.
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 2
 But
it is the real bottom line in every
area of society.
bottom line: fundamental principle /
quality
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 4
 Stand
firmly for your convictions in
the face of personal pressure.
stand firmly for: firmly adhere to
conviction: firm and sincere belief
in face of: in spite of
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 8
 When
you know you are right, you
can't back down.
Paraphrase:
When you know you are right, you
can't give up your standpoint or effort
halfway under external pressure.
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 9
 Always give others credit that is
rightfully theirs.
Paraphrase:
Always be ready and willing to give
approval or praise to other people who
deserve it.
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 12
 Be
honest and open about what you
really are.
Paraphrase:
Be your true self, without hiding or
covering up any unpleasing aspects in
your life.
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 12
 People
who lack genuine core values
rely on external factors…
core values: fundamental moral
principles 核心价值观
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 12
 Inevitably
they will do everything they
can to preserve this façade…
preserve: maintain unchanged or intact
维持不变
façade: outward appearance
建筑物的正面; 外表
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 13
 Don’t
engage in a personal cover-up of
areas that are unpleasing in your life.
engage in: be involved in, be occupied
with 从事, 参加, 忙于
cover-up: covering up; concealing
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 13
 When
it’s tough, do it tough. In other
words, face reality and be adult in
your responses to life’s challenges
 Paraphrase:
… face reality squarely (诚实直率地)
and boldly, respond to life's
challenges and in a mature, suitable
manner.
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 14
 Self-respect
and a clear conscience
are powerful components of integrity
and are the basis for enriching your
relationships with others.
Paraphrase:
…for improving and developing your
relationships with others
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 15

A life of principle, of not succumbing to
seductive sirens of an easy morality, will
always win the day.
succumb to: yield to , give in to
seductive sirens of an easy morality: the
lure of the use of methods that bring the
most immediate benefits, based on practical
rather than moral considerations
win the day: be successful, gain victories
siren
Language Work
Difficult sentences
Para. 15
 It
will take you forward into the 21st
century without having to check your
tracks in a rearview mirror.
 Paraphrase:
… unnecessaty to look back and
examine the footmarks we have left
behind.
怎样对自己诚实
我的爷爷和奶奶认为，你要么是诚实的，要么不
是，不可能介于两者之间。
在他们起居室的墙上挂着一幅简单易懂的座右铭：
“生活好像一片刚刚落满白雪的土地；我走到哪里，我
的每一个脚印就会出现在哪里。”他们无需就此加以评
说—一他们是以身体力行的方式来证实这幅座右铭的。
他们本能的理解是，诚实意味着具备一定的伦理
道德标准，既不看风使舵，也不随着眼下的形势而转
移。诚实是判断你行为的内在标准。遗憾的是，如今，
诚实处在短缺状态——甚至越来越稀罕。然而，它却
是社会各个领域真正的思想底线，而且是我们必须要
求自己严格做到的。
检验这种价值标准的一个有效方法是，参看我所
指的诚实考验，其中包括三条主要原则：
在个人压力面前，要坚定信念；当你知道你做得对
的时候，你就不能退缩。
对那些值得赞扬的人要常常给予肯定。切莫害怕那
些可能有更好主意的或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。
真诚、坦率地展示真实的你。那些缺乏真正的基本
价值观念的人，为了使自己感觉良好而依靠外在因素—
—相貌或社会地位；他们势必尽一切可能来保全这种表
面形象，却很少会去培养自己内在的价值和注重个人的
成长。
因此，要展示你的真面目。不要设法掩盖你生活中
令人不快的方方面面。艰难时刻要顽强。换言之，要正
视现实。面对生活的挑战，要老成持重，应付有方。
自尊和问心无愧是构成诚实的强有力的成分，是丰
富你与他人关系的基础。
诚实意味着你之所以做你所做的事是因为你做的是
对的，而不是因为这行为是时髦的或在政治上是正确的。
始终能够赢得胜利的是那种坚持行为准则、不屈从于一
种安逸伦理观诱惑的生活。这是我爷爷和奶奶给我的教
导。
Language Work
Words and Expressions
motto 座右铭, 箴言
a short sentence or a few words taken as the
guiding principle of a person, of a school, of
an organization, etc.
 Olympic
Motto: Swifter, Higher,
Stronger
 Wuhan University's motto 校训: get
bestirred, develop perseverance, aspire
after truth and blaze new trails.
 What is your motto?
demonstrate v.
1) prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning or
providing examples 证明；论证
e.g. Galileo demonstrated that objects of
different weights fall at the same speed.
2) reveal or show clearly 清楚细致地显示, 表明, 说明
e.g. His curiosity and information about the
position he is seeking demonstrate his
sincerity and potential in the job.
对所求职位的好奇心和所了解的有关信息展示了他的
诚恳和工作潜力
demonstrate v.
3) to show or describe how to do something or
how something works 展示, 示范, 演示
e.g. The salesperson plugged in (插上插头
以接通电源) and demonstrated how to
use the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器).
4) vi. to participate in a public march 示威
e.g. They demonstrated against tax
increase.
demonstration n.
sell out
1) sell all of what was for sale 全部售出, 售完
sell out (of)
e.g. We’ve completely sold out of those
shirts in your size, sir.
2) be disloyal or unfaithful to one’s principle or
friends 出卖(朋友)，背弃(原则)
sell (sb.) out (to)
e.g. The officer was charged with selling
out to his enemy.
expediency (= expedience)
1) being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp.
one‘s own purpose or advantage, although not
necessarily morally correct 私利,自身利害
e.g. The government operates on the
basis of political expedience, not of
principle.
expediency (= expedience)
2) something used to meet an urgent need
权宜之计
e.g. In short, the path of peaceful
development taken by China is by no
means an expediency. Rather, it is a
fundamental choice and solemn
commitment made by the Chinese
government and people.
总之，坚持走和平发展道路，不是权宜之计，
而是中国政府和人民的郑重选择与庄严承诺。
at hand
1) near in place or time, about to occur
在附近; 即将到来
e.g. He lives close at hand.
I could no longer doubt that a possibly
fatal crisis was at hand.
我不再怀疑，一场可能是毁灭性的危机近在咫尺了。
2) within reach 在手边
e.g. When he writes, he always keeps a
dictionary close at hand.
Compare:
in hand: in one’s possession and available for use
在手头, 现有; 在掌握中; 在控制中
e.g. I still have some money in hand.
on hand: close by and ready when needed
在场; 可用
e.g. Our staff are always on hand to help.
by hand: done or made by a person rather than
a machine 用手, 人工完成
e.g. We had to wash our clothes by hand.
ensure
(AmE insure) make sth. certain to happen
e.g. All the necessary steps had been
taken to ensure their safety.
Take a taxi if you want to ensure that
you catch the plane.
Compare
insure: to guarantee monetary compensation in
case of loss 给...保险
e.g We insured the instrument for five
thousand dollars.
assure: to tell someone that something will
definitely happen or is definitely true so that
they are less worried 向…保证,使确信,使放心
e.g. I can assure you of the reliability of
the news.
They assured us that the train would be
on time.
account for
1) give or be a satisfactory explanation for
说明, 做出解释，提出理由
e.g. How do you account for all the
accidents in series?
你怎么解释这接二连三地发生的事故呢?
There is no accounting for taste.
萝卜白菜,各有所爱。
2) be the cause or origin of 导致,引起,是...的原因
e.g. Bad weather accounted for the long
delay.
account for
3) to form a particular amount or part of
something 占
e.g. Afro-Americans account for 12% of
the US population.
back down
accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or
claim; admit that one was wrong; to give up
one‘s original stand, etc.
退却; 让步，放弃(原来的立场、主张、要求等）
e.g. Both sides have refused to back
down.
Local residents have forced the local
council to back down from / on its plans
to build a nightclub in the city center.
credit
1) public approval or praise given to sb. because
of sth. he has done 赞许；荣耀
e.g. They never give Gene any credit for
all the extra work he does.
Credit for this win goes to everybody
in the team. 功劳
2) belief or trust in the truth or rightness of
something 信任, 信用
e.g. Do you place any credit in the
government's story?
credit
3) a system of buying goods or services and
paying for them later 赊购货物
e.g. If you can't afford to pay cash, buy
the furniture on credit.
What’s the credit limit on your Visa
card?
4) a unit of study so certified 学分
rightful
in accordance with what is just right or legally
correct 正当的, 合法的, 理应享有的
e.g. He is the rightful owner of the house.
The legacy is rightfully yours; she always
intended you to have it.
Compare:
righteous
morally upright 正直的; 正当的, 正义的
e.g. a righteous woman 正直的女人
a righteous judgment
cover-up
an attempt to prevent the public discovering
information about a serious crime or mistake
e.g. I also want to ask what the State
Quality Supervisory Administration has
to say about their negligence and coverup?
我还想问一下国家质监总局：你们对你们的失
职与隐瞒，何以解释？
conscience
an inner sense that is conscious of the
moral rightness or wrongness of one's
behavior or intentions
良心, 良知, 道德心,是非之心
e.g. I have a guilty conscience about not
telling her the truth. 良心不安
I haven't done anything wrong. -- I
have a clear conscience. 问心无愧
according to one's conscience 凭良心
succumb to
1) stop opposing; to give in (to greater force or
strength, a desire, etc.) 屈从，服从
e.g. The government has succumbed to
pressure from the press.
He succumbed to the temptation and stole
the purse.
2) die because of
e.g. About 400,000 Americans succumb
each year to smoking-related illnesses.
Vocabulary Exercise II.
Synonyms
 morality
ethics
 demand
ask
 genuine
real
 preserve
save
morality
Key
 a.
 b.
 c.
 d.
ethics
Morality
morality
ethics
ethics
morality
ethics
morality
1) the rightness or pureness of behaviour
道德:符合道德规范之状态
2) standards, principles of good behaviour
道德标准
3) a system of ideas of right and wrong
conduct 道德体系
e.g. religious morality
Christian morality
morality
ethics
ethics
1) (with sing. v.) the study of questions about
what is morally right and wrong
伦理学
2) a set of principles of right conduct
伦理观, 道德规范
3) moral soundness 合乎伦理道德
3) the rules or standards governing the conduct
of a person or the members of a profession:
(某一行业)行为准则; 行为标准
e.g. medical ethics 医德
morality
ethics
 morality：principles
concerning the
distinction between right and wrong or
good and bad behaviour
ethics: the moral principles governing or
influencing conduct
 道德是日常用语，而伦理更偏于学术用语、
哲学用语。
demand
 a.
ask
demands
 b. asked
 c. asking
 d. demanded
demand
ask
demand
1) To ask for sth. forcefully, in a way that
shows that a refusal is not expected;; to claim
as if by right
 (+ n.): The car workers’ union is demanding a
7% pay rise.
 (+ speech): “Where are you going?” demanded
the policeman.
 (+ to infinitive): She demanded to see the
manager.
 (+ that): The librarian demanded that he
return the book.
demand
ask
demand
2) To need sth., such as time, efforts, or
a particular quality; need or require in
order to be successful
e.g. It is a difficult piece to play—it
demands concentration.
He seems to lack many of the qualities
demanded of (= needed by) a successful
politician.
genuine
 a.
real
real
 b. genuine
 c. real
 d. genuine
genuine
real
genuine
not being imitated or counterfeit
real
refers to physically existent things
preserve
 a.
save
preserve
 b. preserve
 c. save
 d. save
preserve
save
conserve
preserve
1) keeping something that is valuable
exactly as it is, without change and even
without using it at all
保护使免于损害, 保护(动植物等);
保存, 保藏, 腌制(肉等), 把…做成蜜饯, 防(尸
体等)腐烂
2) cause a condition to last; to keep
unchanged 保持, 维持不变
preserve
save
conserve
preserve
e.g. to preserve the old castle and other
places of historic interest 保护古城堡和其
它古迹
to preserve forests 保护森林
Ice helps to preserve food. 保存食物。
to preserve eggs in salt 腌蛋
to preserve public order 维持公共秩序
to preserve family harmony 维持家庭和睦
preserve save conserve
save: rescue something with a sense of
great urgency
conserve
1) to use carefully or sparingly, avoiding
waste 节约，避免浪费：
e.g. to conserve energy 节约能源
2) to protect from loss or harm;
preserve 保存, 保护使不受损害
e.g. to conserve our national heritage
保护我们的民族遗产
Vocabulary Exercise II.
Key
1. D
5. B
2. A
6. A
3. B
7. C
4. C
8. A
Grammar
– Nominal relative clause
(introduced by
whatever, whichever,whoever,wherever,whenever…)
 Vocabulary
– Notional verbs: demand, appoint, succumb
– Set phrase: back down, account for, in the
face of
– Noun: expediency, rookie, triad, cover-up,
– Adverbs: fine, rightfully, progressively

Nominal relative clause
“A good test for this value is to look at what I
call the Integrity Triad”
–“what I call the Integrity Triad” → nominal
relative clause
– “what” ＝ n.+ relative pron. ＝ the thing
which
– can be introduced by what, whatever,whichever,
wherever, whenever, whoever
Nominal relative clause
Eg:

The professor will appoint whoever promise to
investigate the plagiarism head of the
academic panel.
 The girl often dreams of when she was boating
with her Mr Right.
 The man hates to comment about whoever
should be held responsible for the incident.
Part 3 Writing
Task 1
Nowadays, the importance of compulsory education is still
not driven home for people living in remote areas. Some
parents would rather pull their teen children out of
classroom and make them than let them study.
﹄ Describe the likely consequences of
being dropped out of school for teenagers.
Part 3 Writing
Task 2
There is a considerable proportion of university girls who
start wearing makeup on campus. It attracts attention
and sets people thinking.
﹄ Explain why some university girls start
wearing makeup.