Transcript Tire Safety

Institute for Mine Health and Safety, International Society of Mine Safety
Professionals Critical Issues, and Train the Trainer Combined Conference
Salt Lake City, UT
May 24-28, 2004
NIOSH Spokane Research Laboratory
Today we will cover:
Fatalities associated with tires, 19802000
Tire Injuries, 1996-2000
Tire Safety Tips
Prioritization of safety programs
based on passive data
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Background
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
NIOSH Spokane Research Lab
Project: Surface Powered Haulage Safety
Project Objectives:
Detection of Vehicles or
Personnel in Blind Spots
Monitoring of Driver
Awareness
Health and Safety Hazards to
Personnel Responsible for
Powered Haulage Equipment
Maintenance and Operation
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Hazards to Maintenance Workers:
Frequent heavy lifting
High pressure hoses and
vessels
Work in awkward or
confining spaces
Exposure to potentially
hazardous substances (oil,
gas, engine fluids, welding
fumes, etc.)
Proximity to moving parts,
hand tools, and machinery.
Tire explosion which resulted in a fatality
Source: www.msha.gov
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
TIRE FATALITIES
From 1980-2001.2
What can we learn from 20+ years of data?
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
But first, a little note on data analysis...
Lesson #1:
When analyzing data,
it helps to know what
you are looking for
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
About the fatality data...
All data was obtained from the Mine Safety and Health
Administration’s (MSHA) on-line files of raw data from the
accident and injury 7000-2 forms filed by mining operators
and contractors as required under 30 CFR Part 50 from
1980 through the 2nd quarter of 2001. (n = 575,853
reported cases)
Since accidents and injuries related to tires occur across a
broad range of accident categories, records with narratives
containing keywords “tire,” “rim,” “lug,” and “wheel” were
extracted. It is assumed that no tire-related accidents
occurred without one of these keywords in the narrative.
(data subset n = 11,442 records)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
A little more about the fatality
data...
The data subsets were further separated into fatal vs.
non-fatal accidents (n = 88 fatality records containing one
or more keywords)
Each narrative was read and assigned to a self-defined
accident category*. Records not related to tire safety (n
= 57) were discarded.
From this data, it was determined that 31 tire-related
fatalities occurred between 1980 and 2001.2
*more on this later
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Frequency of Tire-Related Fatalities
(1980-2001.2)
4
n = 31
Tire-related fatalities account for a relatively low proportion of
occupational fatalities in mining. However, focused safety, training,
2and other prevention efforts should effectively eliminate this cause
of death.
1
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
0
1980
Frequency
3
What Caused the Tire Fatalities?
Explosions: In many cases, workers were applying
heat to the rim or lugs which caused an expansion
in air pressure in the tire.
Tire Fell on Victim: Tire was improperly secured
and tipped over or fell from a height onto the
victim.
Auxiliary Equipment: Worker was fatally injured
when tools or equipment used in tire-related
activities fail, are used improperly, or are the
primary source of injury (examples include items such as
jacks, tire irons, hand tools, boom trucks)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
What Caused the Tire Fatalities?
Explosions: In many cases, workers were applying
heat to the rim or lugs which caused an expansion
in air pressure in the tire.
Tire Fell on Victim: Tire was improperly secured
and tipped over or fell from a height onto the
victim.
Auxiliary Equipment: Worker was fatally injured
when tools or equipment used in tire-related
activities fail, are used improperly, or are the
primary source of injury (examples include items such as
jacks, tire irons, hand tools, boom trucks)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Exploding Tire Fatalities
Example #1
On April 22, 1998, a 39-year old
maintenance worker with 8 years
of mining experience was killed
and two coworkers seriously
injured at a limestone operation.
A scraper tire was placed flat on
the ground and they were
attempting to remove the brake
drum from the rim. The tire was
not deflated and they had used
an oxygen/acetylene torch to
cut the brake drum when the
tire exploded.
Source: www.msha.gov
Exploding Tire Fatalities
Example #2
On February 17, 1999, a 35-yearold technician (contractor
operator) with 10 years experience
was fatally injured at a sand and
gravel operation. The victim used a
fork lift attached to a chain while
attempting to remove a wheel
assembly from a dump trailer in
preparation to repair the brakes.
After these attempts failed to free
the wheel, he applied heat to the
back side of the wheel with an
oxygen/acetylene torch and the tire
ruptured.
Source: www.msha.gov
What Caused the Tire Fatalities?
Explosions: In many cases, workers were applying
heat to the rim or lugs which caused an expansion
in air pressure in the tire.
Tire Fell on Victim: Tire was improperly secured
and tipped over or fell from a height onto the
victim.
Auxiliary Equipment: Worker was fatally injured
when tools or equipment used in tire-related
activities fail, are used improperly, or are the
primary source of injury (examples include items such as
jacks, tire irons, hand tools, boom trucks)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Falling Tire Fatalities
Examples
“TIRE SIZE 6540-39 ... WAS NOT SECURED IN ITS UPRIGHT
POSITION AND TIRE AND RIM FELL ON EMPLOYEE DAMAGE
FATAL”
THE VICTIM “WAS CHANGING 37.25X35 TIRE ON...LOADER
TIRE AND WHEEL FELL OFF HUB OF LOADER AND PINNED
VICTIM AGAINST SERVICE TRUCK CRUSHING HIM”
“TECHNICIAN FROM AN OUTSIDE TIRE SERVICE COMPANY
WAS IN THE PROCESS OF INSTALLING A NEW TIRE ON A
FRONT END LOADER. FOR UNKNOWN REASONS, THE TIRE
FELL ON THE TECHNICIAN, SUBJECTING HIM TO FATAL
INJURIES.”
Source: www.msha.gov
What Caused the Tire Fatalities?
Explosions: In many cases, workers were applying
heat to the rim or lugs which caused an expansion
in air pressure in the tire.
Tire Fell on Victim: Tire was improperly secured
and tipped over or fell from a height onto the
victim.
Auxiliary Equipment: Worker was fatally injured
when tools or equipment used in tire-related
activities fail, are used improperly, or are the
primary source of injury (examples include items such as
jacks, tire irons, hand tools, boom trucks)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Tire Fatalities due to misuse or malfunction
of tire-related tools
Examples from actual narratives:
A SUPV & LABORER CHANGING A TIRE ON A LOADER USING A BOOM
TRUCK TO LIFT THE TIRE.BOOM TRUCK WAS 14' FROM OVERHEAD
WIRE.THE COME-ALONG HOLDING THE TIRE SNAPPED (A METAL
HOOK BROKE),THE TIRE DROPPED,THE BOOM TRUCK CABLE
WHIPPED OUT STRIKING THE ELECTRICAL...”
“EMP WAS REPLACING REAR TIRE ON 988A CAT WHEEL LOADER.
FENDER WAS HELD IN UPRIGHT POSITION WITH CHAIN COME A
LONG. APPARENTLY CONE A LONG BROKE LETTING FENDER FALL
AND FENDER STRIKING EMP ON THE HEAD.”
“EMPLOYEE WAS CHANGING TIRE ON TRUCK. JACK KICKED-OUT
FROM UNDER TRUCK STRIKING EMPLOYEE IN CHEST.”
Source: www.msha.gov
Tire-Related Fatalities
Grouped by Accident Type 1980-2001.2
.
Tire Fell on
Victim
34%
Explosion
42%
Auxiliary
Object
17%
Other
7%
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Tire-Related Fatalities
Grouped by Occupation 1980-2001.2
.
Mechanic Repairman
Master Mechanic
6%
3% 3%
3%
Welders
6%
69%
7%
Unknown or NEC
Truck Driver
3%
Mine Foreman/Mine
Mgr/Owner
Laborer/Utility
Man/Pumper
Highlft Opr/Frt End
Loader Opr
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
SAFETY TIPS
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Safety Tips to Prevent Tire Explosions
Safety tips1:
NEVER apply heat to a rim or rim assembly that has an
inflated (or deflated) tire mounted on it. Even deflated
tires may explode.
Personnel should stand out of the trajectory of a tire
when inflating or inspecting the rim assembly.
The use of barriers or restraining devices is
recommended where applicable.
Do not inflate beyond manufacturer-recommended
pressure.
1Tire
and Rim Safety Awareness Program,
MSHA
Instruction
Guide No. 60,Safety
1996 and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
National
Institute
for Occupational
Safety Tips to Prevent Tire Explosions
Safety tips (continued):
Properly design roads to
avoid rough terrain and
excessive braking which may
cause heat to build up on a
tire.
Perform PM on brakes to
avoid excessive heat
generation or malfunction.
Avoid overloading of trucks.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Safety Tips to Prevent Tire Fatalities
From Falling Tires
Safety tips:
Fix tires securely when using boom
trucks, slings, fork lifts, or bead hooks
to move tires.
Set tires flat on ground or far enough
away from personnel that if a tire does
tip over all personnel are clear.
Warning: watch for rolling tires, and do
not walk beneath suspended loads!
Lugs, rims, and other accessories on
large equipment are heavy enough to
cause fatal or disabling injuries. Use
the same precautions with these items.
SRL photo
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Safety Tips to Prevent Fatalities from
“Auxiliary Equipment”
Safety tips:
Always use tools in the manner for which
they are intended.
Inspect jacks, hydraulic lifts, slings, and
chains before use.
Do not work beneath suspended loads or
equipment.
Secure vehicle with brakes, chocks, etc.
to avoid rolling.
Where possible, work on a clean, dry, flat
surface. Maintain shop housekeeping.
SRL photo
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
TIRE-RELATED
INJURIES
From 1995-2001.2
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
About this data...
The same narrative keyword extraction
techniques used in the fatality data analysis
were used to separate non-fatal accident
data.
Only those records directly linked to tire
incidents causing reportable, lost-time
accidents were included in this analysis.
Injury data time period: 1995-2001.2
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
About this data
(continued)...
This initial injury analysis used the MSHA accident/illness
classifications to categorize data.
Non-fatal tire-related incidents were found in all of the
following MSHA classifications:
“Exploding Vessels Under Pressure”
“Hand Tools”
“Falling, Rolling, Sliding Rock or Material of Any Kind”
“Handling Material”
“Machinery”
“Powered Haulage”, and
“Other”
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Distribution of Lost Days as Reported by Accident
Category
Tire-related Injuries 1995-2001.2
Handling
Materials
Hand Tools
19%
56%
Exploding
Vessels
Machinery
16%
6%
<1 %
3%
Powered
Haulage
Falling, Rolling,
Sliding Mat'l.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Lost Days Summary by Accident Category
Tire-related Injuries 1995-2001.2
% Lost
Days
Lost days
charged
Avg days
lost
Median
# of
Accidents
Handling
Material
56%
7656
31
16
87
Hand Tools
19%
2531
29
12
217
2102
49
28
43
770
23
Exploding Most lost
16%
days
Vessels
in “Handling
Machinery Material”6%
Powered
Haulage
Falling/Rolling/
Sliding Matl.
3%
423
Highest
average lost
<1% days in 91
“Exploding
Vessels”
38
46
19
Most accidents
in “Hand Tools”
29
--
10
11
2
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Data Analysis of Tire-Related
Injuries
Lost Days (total)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Frequency
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
Wrist
Upper Arm
Trunk, NEC
Trunk,
Toes
Shoulder
Multiple
Mouth
Lower Leg
0
Lower
Leg, NEC
Knee
Hips
Head, NEC
Hand
Foot (not
Fingers
Face, NEC
Face
Eyes
Elbow
Chest
Back
Ankle
2
Abdomen
Lost Days
Hand Tools Injuries
Body Part
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Days Lost Summary by Activity
Tire “Handling Material” Injuries 1995
900
838
800
700
600
500
400
300
263
219
200
85
100
76
30
28
6
5
Moving tire
Auxiliary
equipment
failure
0
Lifting
tire/wheel/or
other
associated
object
Bending over Removing tire
Assembling
tire
Tire or wheel
fell on victim
Struck by
object
Putting tire on
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
In summary...
Multiple analyses of tire-related injury data are
useful for determining which categories have the
most lost days, highest accident frequencies, what
types of injuries are occurring, etc.
However, more detailed information about what
REALLY happened is necessary to formulate useful
safety interventions.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Future Work
In-depth injury analysis using narrative
classification techniques instead of MSHA
accident category classifications. Determine the
root causes of each accident to focus safety
interventions.
Tire safety manual for mine maintenance personnel
and recommendations for reducing lost-time
injuries.
In-depth analysis of all injuries and accidents to
equipment maintenance personnel to focus future
research.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA
Questions?
Contact:
Jami G. Dwyer
NIOSH – Spokane Research Lab
315 E. Montgomery Ave.
Spokane, WA 99207
(509)354-8000
Email: [email protected]
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, Spokane, WA