Transcript PowerPoint bemutató - Corvina-gabi

CULTIVATED PLANTS IN THE
TROPICAL ZONE
Worldwide more human beings gain their livelihood from agriculture
growing food for local consumption is the core of tropical agriculture, and
for cash crops (crops grown for export) are also included in the definition.
When people discuss the tropics, it is normal to use generalized labels to
group together similar tropical areas. Common terms would include
the humid-tropics (rainforests); the arid-tropics (deserts and dry areas);
or monsoon zones (those areas that have well defined wet/dry seasons and
experience monsoons).
COFFEE
Coffea is a genus of flowering
plants whose seeds, called coffee beans, are
used to make coffee. They are shrubs or
small trees native to tropical and
southern Africa and tropical Asia. The coffee
plant is a dicot evergreen tree. Flowers are in
cluster and they are white The trees produce
edible red or purple fruits called "cherries„
that look like drupes. The fruits are in cluster
too. The cherries contain two seeds, the socalled "coffee beans",
Arabica 80 % Robusta 20 % of the world coffee
Kopi luwak or civet coffee, refers to the coffee that includes
beans producing.
part-digested coffee cherries eaten and defecated by
Blue Mountain coffee: 100g : 28 $ kb. 7800 Ft
the Asian palm civet
Caffeine formula
CACAO
A shade tolerant rainforest tree that
grows about 4 or 5 metre tall
throughout the year it produces small
flowers right off the trunk that later
forms cacao pods oval shaped form
shells. When they rape can contain so
many seeds inside a soft white cocoa
fruit.
Cacao= the plant and the bean
Cocoa= after processing ( powder,
butter,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiMjr3Rwdjs
COCOA
CAROB ( Szentjánoskenyér)
Carob (or ksylokerato in Greek, which derives from the
Ancient Greek word kerátiοn (literally "small horn"), is the
fruit of the carob tree an evergreen native tree that
flourishes in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea
and throughout Middle East. Carob pods look like bean
pods and, when ripe, they are dried changing, their color
to a tone of dark brown that resembles chocolate. For
centuries, it has been one of the most important food
sweeteners.
Known from a much earlier time, carob pods hold a
special place in the Greek diet, not only for their nutritional
importance, but also for their medicinal properties.
The pectin and lignin in carob do not only regulate
digestion, but also have the ability to neutralize and carry
harmful elements (even radioactive particles) safely out of
the body.
The carob tree, St John's-bread,or locust bean is a species
of flowering evergreen shrub or tree. Tree grows up to 15 metres tall. The
crown is broad and semi-spherical, supported by thick trunk with brown
rough bark. Leaves are 10 to 20 centimetres. The male trees don't produce
fruit. The trees blossom in autumn.
Chocolate is produced from the cacao tree, but it is not a
nectar-producing tree. So carob stands alone as the source
of this delicious chocolate-scented honey!
The carob tree comes in separate male and female trees.
Flowers of the male are stamen clusters with pollen,
producing a very strong odor, while the female produces
small, yellow, aromatic flowers grouped in clusters. Both
male and female flowers produce nectar and attract large
numbers of insects. As they are unable to self-pollinate,
this is a task left to insects, bees and the wind.
Female carob
flower
Male carob flower
tea
Camellia sinensis is a species of evergreen shrub or
small tree whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea.茶树
Camellia sinensis is native to East Asia, the Indian
Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, but it is today cultivated across the
world in tropical and subtropical regions.
Tea plant is an evergreen shrub or small tree that is usually trimmed to
below 2 m when cultivated for its leaves. It has a strong taproot. The
flowers are yellow-white, 2.5–4 cm in with 7 to 8 petals.
The seeds of Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera can be pressed to
yield tea oil, a sweetish seasoning and cooking oil that should not be
confused with tea tree oil, an essential oil that is used for medical and
cosmetic purposes, and originates from the leaves of a different plant.
The leaves are 4–15 cm long and 2–5 cm broad. Fresh leaves contain
about 4% caffeine, as well as related compounds including theobromine
The young, light green leaves are preferably harvested for tea production;
they have short white hairs on the underside. Older leaves are deeper
green. Different leaf ages produce differing tea qualities,. Usually, the bud
and the first two to three leaves are harvested for processing.
Chinese teas
The Chinese plant (sometimes called C. sinensis var. sinensis) is a small-leafed bush with multiple stems
that reaches a height of some 3 meters. It is native to southeast China. The first tea plant to be discovered,
recorded and used to produce tea three thousand years ago,
Indian teas
Three main kinds of tea are produced in India:
•Assam comes from the northeastern section of the country. This heavily forested region is home to much
wildlife. Tea from here is rich and full-bodied. It was in Assam that the first tea estate was established, in
1837.
•Darjeeling, from the cool and wet Darjeeling region, tucked in the foothills of the Himalayas. Tea
plantations reach 2,200 metres. The tea is delicately flavoured, and considered to be one of the finest teas
in the world.
•Nilgiri, from a southern region of India almost as high as Darjeeling. Grown at elevations between 1,000
and 2,500 metres, Nilgiri teas are subtle and rather gentle, and are frequently blended with other, more
robust teas
Coconut
The coconut tree is a member of the palm family. It is
monocot.
The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut
palm,
the seed, or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not
a nut.
The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of the word.
The term is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese
and
Spanish word coco meaning "head" or "skull"
The root has a fibrous root system
The trunk often reaches a height of 25-30 meters
straight,. Typically, light grey in colour.
The palm produces both the female and
male flowers on the same inflorescence; the palm
is monoecious.
The fruits, coconut, egg-shaped and pendulous,
the colour from green to orange range. Size 30
centimeters long, 18 centimeters in diameter,
weighing 1-2 kilograms.
The coconut are covered with fibers can be used
for making brush bristles, sealants, and - textile
techniques - carpets, matting, cords. This
immature coconut soaked in water for 3 days, so
that the fibers are separated from the skins to
the hard skin After the fibers are dried, hackle.
The coco mats are extremely flexible, so that
previously made the gym mats and matrices.
The various parts of the coconut have a number of
culinary uses.
The seed provides oil for frying, cooking, and
making margarine.
The white, fleshy part of the seed, the coconut meat,
is used fresh or dried in cooking, especially in
desserts
coconut milk made from it is frequently added
to curries and other savory dishes.
Coconut flour has also been developed for use in
baking
Coconut chips have been sold in the tourist regions
of Hawaii and the Caribbean.
Coconut butter is often used to describe solidified
coconut oil.
Dried coconut is also used as the filling for
many chocolate bar.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOfOt76D3MM
Maldivien banknote
banana
The banana is an edible fruit, botanically a berry,
produced by several kinds of
large herbaceous monocot flowering plants. The fruit
is variable in size, color and firmness. The fruits grow in
clusters hanging from the top of the plant. They are
grown in at least 107 countries, primarily for their fruit.
All the above-ground parts of a banana plant grow from
a structure usually called a "corm".
The female flowers (which can develop into fruit) appear
in rows further up the stem (closer to the leaves) from
the rows of male flowers. The banana fruits develop
from the banana heart, in a large hanging cluster, with up
to 20 fruit to a tier. The hanging cluster is known as a
bunch, or commercially as a "banana stem", and can
weigh 30–50 kilograms. Individual banana is in average
125 grams of which approximately 75% is water and 25%
dry matter
corm
Wild banana
Banana flowers and leaves for sale in a market
in Thailand.
Pineapple
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with edible multiple fruit consisting of berries come together ,
also called pineapples and the most economically significant plant in the Bromelias family.
Pineapples may be cultivated from a crown cutting of the fruit possibly flowering in 20–24 months and fruiting in
the following six months.
Pineapples can be consumed fresh, cooked, juiced, and preserved.. In addition to consumption, the pineapple leaves are
used to produce the textile fiber in the Philippines, commonly used as the material for the men's Barong Tagalog and
women's Baro't saya formal wear in the country. The fiber is also used as a component for wallpaper and other furnishings.
Seed formation needs pollination. In Hawaii, where pineapple is cultivated on an agricultural scale, importation
of hummingbirds is prohibited for this reason Certain bat-pollinated wild pineapples open their flowers only at night