Plant Organs
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Transcript Plant Organs
Plant Anatomy
1. Plant Parts a.k.a. Plant Organs
2. Plant Tissues
3. Water Transport
4. Food Transport
Plant Parts/Organs
Root
Stem / Shoot
Leaf
Reproductive
Root Function
1. support and anchor plant
2. absorb water and minerals from soil
3. transports water and minerals to stem
some also serve as food-storage
e.g. maple trees, carrots
Root Types
Taproots
a long, thick main root with
branching secondary roots
in dicots
e.g. dandelions, carrots
Fibrous Root
many main roots about the
same size
not as deep in the ground
but extends laterally
in monocots
e.g. grass
Root Structure
In the center of the root is the vascular cylinder
(vein) – xylem and phloem.
Roots grow from the tips where the apical
meristem is found and protected by the root
cap.
In the zone of differentiation root hairs are
found. Root hairs increase the root’s surface
area and is where water and minerals are
absorbed.
Cross Section of Growing Root
Page 394
Root Modifications
Adventitious roots –
prop roots of corn
Pneumatophores –
mangrove swamps
Epiphytes –
strangler fig
Aerial roots – develop along stem
as in ivy
Modified storage of beets
Stem Function
1. support the leaves
2. transport water and minerals from root to
leaves
3. transport sugars from leaves
some may store food
e.g. sugar cane
Stem Types
Herbaceous Stems
stems that are green,
soft and regrown each
year
Woody Stems
stems contain thick,
tough tissue – wood
allows plants to live for
more than 2 years and
grow taller than 1 meter
hard tissue called wood
is dead xylem
Stem Structure
must have vascular cylinder (vein) containing xylem
and phloem
Xylem is always closer to the centre of the stem.
Phloem is always closer to the outside of the stem.
In monocots vascular bundles are scattered throughout
the stem.
In dicots vascular bundles are arranged in rings.
In woody stems
sapwood is younger xylem – conducts water, on outside
each year a new ‘ring’ of sapwood is laid down –annual
rings
heartwood is older/dead xylem – filled with resins giving
it a darker color; can’t conduct fluids
bark is the protective layer on the outside – consists of
cork and phloem
Stem Modifications
Leaf Function
to act as solar panels trapping sunlight to
convert carbon dioxide and water into
glucose by the process called
photosynthesis – create food for the plant
plants now are ‘food’ for organisms
photosynthesis also produces oxygen
Leaf Types
broad verse narrow
simple verse compound
needles of
gymnosperms
Leaf Structure
contain chlorophyll to photosynthesize – thus are
green
designed to maximize exposure to sunlight – thus
tend to be wide
contain special cells to protect against excessive
water loss and damage – cuticle and epidermis
have special cells to allow gases (CO2, O2, H2O )
to be exchanged – guard cells form stomata
contain veins to transport need water and
produced glucose
Cross Section of a Leaf
Leaf Modifications
Spines – of cacti
Tendrils – of grapevine
Venus fly trap
Petal – of
flowers
Storage leaf – onion
Succulents –
jade plant
Reproductive Organs
Ferns - spores
Gymnosperms – cones
Angiosperms – flowers