Transcript Cultural practices under INM in banana

Cultural Practices under
INM in Banana
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Introduction
In banana, the different cultural practices like
tillage practices, intercropping, weed and sucker
management and bunch covers dramatically
increase the vigour, yield, productivity and quality
of fruits.
Also it increases the resistance
mechanism in plant to escape or avoid
pest and disease incidence in field.
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
I.TILLAGE PRACTICES
Field preparation and planting methods
Field Preparation
Prior to planting banana, green manure
crops like daincha, cowpea etc. may be
grown.
The land can be ploughed 2-4 times and
leveled.
Rotavator or harrow is used to break the
clod and bring the soil to a fine tilth.
During soil preparation basal dose of
FYM (about
50 t/ha before last
ploughing ) is added and thoroughly
mixed into the soil.
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Planting Methods
Planting Material
• About 70% of the farmers are using suckers as planting material while
the rest 30% of the farmers are using tissue culture seedlings.
• Sword suckers with well developed rhizome, conical or spherical in
shape having actively growing conical bud and weighing approximatel
450-700 gm are commonly used as propagating material.
• Suckers generally may be infected with some pathogens and
nematodes.
• Similarly due to the variation in age and size of sucker, crop is not
uniform, harvesting is prolonged and management becomes difficult
• Therefore, in-vitro colonal propagation i.e. Tissue culture plants are
recommended for planting.
• They are healthy, disease free, uniform in growth and early yielding.
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Classifications of Banana Growing Lands
Wet lands
: No preparatory cultivation
Garden land
: 2 – 4 ploughings required
Padugai
: One deep spade digging
Hill Banana
: Construction of contour stone walls
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Green Manuring
Growing green manure crops viz.,
 Daincha
 Cowpea
 Sunhemp
and ploughing them into the field 2-4 times ploughing and leveling
FYM 50 t/ha before last ploughing
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Spacing
S.
No
System of Planting
Planting
Distance
Plant
population
/ha
1.
Dwarf Cavendish
1.5 x 1.5
4440
2.
Robusta and Nendran
1.8 x 1.8
3080
2.1 x 2.1
2260
1.2 x 1.2 x 2.0
5200
3.
Rasthali, Poovan,
Karpooravalli, Monthan
4.
Paired row
5.
2-Suckers /hill
1.8 x 3.6
3200
6.
3-Suckers/hill
1.8 x 3.6
4800
Source: TNAU Agritech portal-2008
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
• High density planting
•
3 suckers /pit at a spacing of
1.8 x 3.6m (4600 plants/ha) for
Cavendish varieties
2 m x 3 m for Nendran (5000
plants/ha).
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
planting
3 suckers/pit
4 suckers/pit
(2.0 x 2.0 m)
(3.6 x 3.6 m)
(1.8 x 3.6 m)
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Paired row system
1.2x1.2x2.0m (5200 pl/ha)
3- Plants /Hill
1.8 X 3.6 m (4800 pi/ha)
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Irrigation
• Irrigate immediately after planting; give life irrigation after 4
days; subsequent irrigations are to be given once in a week for
garden land bananas and once in 10 – 15 days for wetlands.
• Irrigate the fields copiously after every manure application.
• Use drip irrigation @ 5-10 litres/plant/day from planting to 4th
month, 10-15 litres/plant/day from 5th month to shooting and 15
litres /plant/day from shooting to till 15 days prior to harvest.
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Drip Irrigation Schedule
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
S.No
Crop
Growth
Stage
Duration (Weeks)
Quantity of Water
(1/Plant)
1.
After Planting
1-4
4
2.
Juvenile Phase
5-9
8-10
10-19
12
20-32
16-20
33-37
20 and above
38 x 50
20 and above
3.
Critical
Growth
Stage
Flower
4.
bud
differentiation
Stage
5.
Shooting Stage
Bunch
6.
Development
Stage
Source : TNAU Agritech portal-2008
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Intercropping
Vegetables like beetroot, sweet potato,
Cabbage, and Coconut can be grown
as intercrops.
No cucurbitaceous vegetables.
Banana+Beetroot
Banana + Sweet potato
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Banana + Cabbage
Banana + Coconut
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
III. WEED MANAGEMENT AND SUCKER MANANGEMENT
I. Weed management
• Regular weeding is important during the first four months.
• Spading is commonly used and normally four spadings a year are
effective in controlling weeds.
• Integrated weed management by including cover crops, judicious
use of herbicides, intercropping and hand weeding wherever
necessary will contribute in increased production.
• Pre-emergence application of Diuron (1kg a.i./ha) or Glyphosate (2
kg a.i./ha) is effective in controlling grasses and broad-leaved weeds
without affecting the yield and quality of banana .
• Double cropping of cowpea is equally effective in suppressing the
weed growth.
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Heavy Weeds infestation in banana field
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
ii. Sucker treatment
Selection and pre-treatment of suckers:
• Select sword suckers of 1.5 to 2.0 kg weights which are free from diseases
and nematodes.
• Trim the roots and decayed portion of the corm, cut the pseudostem
leaving 20 cm from the corm and grade the suckers to size
• To avoid wilt disease in Rasthali, Monthan, Virupakshi and other wilt
susceptible varieties, infected portions of the corm may be pared and dipped
for 5 minutes in 0.1% Emisan solution.
• Pralinage is done with 40 g of Carbofuran 3 G granules per sucker. (Dip
the corm in slurry solution containing 4 parts clay plus 5 parts water and
sprinkle Carbofuran to control nematodes)
• Alternatively, dip the corm with 0.75% Monocrotophos, shade dry for
atleast 24 hours and plant. Sow sunhemp on 45th day; incorporate it after
about a month.
• This operation reduces nematode build up
• Use tissue cultured banana plants with 5-6 leaves. At the time of planting,
apply 25 g Pseudomonas fluorescence / plant.
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
IV. Bunch Covering
• Bagging (bunch covering) is a cultural
technique used by planters where export
quality bananas are grown.
• This practice protects bunches against
cold, sun scorching, against attack of
thrips and scarring beetle.
• It also improves certain visual qualities of
the fruits.
• Bunch covering with dry leaves is a
common practice in India
Cultural Practices under INM in Banana
To sum up
• Different cultural practices increase the production of plant.
• They are field preparation, planting material – free from pest
and diseases, system of planting- High Density Planting
(increase the productivity), irrigation system- drip irrigation (to
avoid wastage of water), intercropping(increase the productivity),
weed management, sucker treatment (to avoid nematode
attack), bunch covers for increase the quality to protect fruits
from cold, sun scorching.