Transcript land biomes
LARGE AREAS IDENTIFIED BY THE PRESENCE OF CHARACTERISTIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS EXAMPLE: DECIDUOUS FOREST MAIN TYPES ARE LAND AND AQUATIC BIOMES TUNDRA • NORTHERN NORTH AMERICA, ASIA, EUROPE • NORTHERNMOST LAND BIOME • ALMOST TREELESS, TREES ARE SMALL AND STUNTED • MOSS-COVERED, LICHENS, FEW STUNTED TREES • ANIMALS IN SUMMER: CARIBOU, REINDEER, WOLVES, INSECTS • GROUND PERMANENTLY FROZEN (PERMAFROST) – KEEPS PLANTS STUNTED • THAWS TO A FEW INCHES IN SUMMER TUNDRA TAIGA • SOUTH OF TUNDRA • NORTH AMERICA, ASIA, NORWAY, SWEDEN, HIGH • • • • • • • ELEVATIONS IN U.S. COLD WINTERS MILD SUMMERS GROUND THAWS IN SUMMER (MAY BE SHORT) LARGER TREES THAN TUNDRA, MOSTLY CONIFERS RIVERS, PONDS, BOGS SMALL MAMMALS HIBERNATE, MIGRATE ANIMALS: BEAR, MOOSE, ELK, WOLVES, GROUSE ETC. TAIGA IN SUMMER EAST COAST OF U.S., S. COAST OF CANADA, MOST OF EUROPE, PARTS OF JAPAN, CHINA AND AUSTRALIA CHANGING SEASONS TREES LOSE LEAVES IN FALL (DECIDUOUS TREES) -ADEQUATE YEAR-ROUND RAINFALL -STRIKING SEASONAL CHANGES -ANIMALS: RACOONS, SKUNK, SQUIRRELS, DEER, MOOSE, CHIPMONKS, OPOSSUMS -LARGE VARIETY OF BIRDS -FERTILE SOIL (HUMUS) -MAKES GOOD FARMLAND -LARGE AREAS ONCE CLEARED FOR FARMS TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST -DOMINANTED BY CONE BEARING -TREES: PINES, SPRUCE, CEDARS ETC. -SOUTH OF TAIGA IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE -COLD WINTERS, MILD SUMMERS -PLANTS ADAPTED TO COLD WINTERS, SHORT SUMMERS -TREES WITH WAXY NEEDLES, REDUCE WATER LOSS MAMMALS: MOOSE, BEAR, LYNX ETC. -S OME HIBERNATE -SOME MIGRATE -SOME STAY YEAR ROUND FOUND IN EUROPE, ASIA, NORTH AMERICA CONIFEROUS FOREST -INTERIOR PORTIONS OF MANY CONTINENTS -VAST AREAS OF GRASS AND SMALL PLANTS -MOST RAIN FALLS IN ONE SEASON -PLAINS/PRAIRIES OF NORTH AMERICA -STEPPES OF RUSSIA -VELDT OF SOUTH AFRICA -PAMPAS OF ARGENTINA MIDWEST U.S. GRASSLANDS: -HOT SUMMERS -COLD WINTERS TROPICAL GRASSLANDS: -LITTLE TEMPERATURE CHANGE -SEASONS CHANGE FROM DRY TO WET -CALLED SAVANNAS DON’T UNDERGO SUCCESSION -GRAZING KEEPS PLANTS SMALL RICH SOIL PROMOTES FARMING OF WHEAT, CORN ETC. AMERICAN GRASSLAND (PRARIE) AFRICAN SAVANNA -YEAR-ROUND WARM TEMPERATURES -YEAR-ROUND RAINFALL, 200-400 CM/YEAR -SO. AMERICA, S.E. ASIA, AFRICA, CENTRAL AMERICA -HOME TO MANY PLANT/ANIMAL SPECIES -VERY TALL TREES (CANOPY) -LUSH UNDERGROWTH -VARIED ANIMAL LIFE -ABUNDANT INSECTS -MANY PLANTS/ANIMALS PRODUCE CHEMICALS THAT MY BE USEFUL -BEING RAPIDLY DESTROYED -AT PRESENT RATE, GONE BY END OF CENTURY -MANY SPECIES WILL BE LOST WITHOUT HAVING BEEN STUDIED -LESS THAN 25 CM RAINFALL PER YEAR -HOME FOR LIZARDS, INSECTS, SCORPIONS, SPIDERS, SNAKES AND BIRDS -PLANTS SOAK WATER UP QUICKLY -GROW/REPRODUCE QUICKLY -REMAIN DORMANT UNTIL NEXT RAIN -TYPE OF DESERT IS DETERMINED BY AMOUNT AND REGULARITY OF RAINFALL -IF IRRIGATED, CAN BE GOOD FARMLAND SARAHA AMERICAN DESERT HIGH (COLD) DESERT -FOUND AT COLDEST EXTREMES -SURROUND NORTH/SOUTH POLES -LITTLE PRECIPITATION, ABUNDANT ICE -FRESH WATER SCARCE -LITTLE SUMMER SUN ARCTIC ICE CAP OVER ARCTIC OCEAN OCEAN HEAT KEEPS ICE AT 5-30 METERS THICK SUMMER: SOME ICE MELTS = SCATTERED SOIL PATCHES 100+ FLOWERING SPECIES, MOSSES, LICHENS ANIMALS: GULLS, WALRUSES, POLAR BEAR, SEALS ARCTIC ANTARCTIC ICE CAP OVER LARGE LAND MASS ICE CAP NOT WARMED BY OCEAN FEW LICHENS, MOSSES ALONG COAST 3 TYPES OF FLOWERING PLANTS ONLY BACTERIA, SMALL INSECTS INHABIT INTERIOR NEAR COAST:: SEALS, WHALES, PENGUINS ANTARCTIC