Transcript Lecture8 - Utah Valley University Herbarium

Utah Flora
BOT2100
Lecture 8
Angiosperm Families IV
Including:
Asteraceae
Chenopodiaceae
Polygonaceae
Rosaceae
Utah Flora
11 families
Asterales
1649 genera
Major Families
Asteraceae – sunflowers
Campanulaceae – blue bells
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25,790 species
Utah Flora
Asterales
Asteraceae
Worldwide
Utah
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Compositae
1620 genera
23,600 species
193 genera
481 species
(Native and Introduced)
•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs
•leaves alternate or opposite, simple to pinnately compound
•inflorescence solitary, cymes, spikes, racemes, or panicles
•flowers inferior, imperfect or perfect, irregular or regular
•calyx fused or separate, pappus-bract-like scales or bristle-like awns, few to many
•corolla of 2 types: ray-fused & irregular; disk-fused & regular
•stamens 5, anthers fused in a tube
•fruit an achene
Utah Flora
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Asterales
Asteraceae
Compositae
Helianthus
Worldwide
Utah
(Native and Introduced)
•annual or perennial herbs
•leaves simple, lowermost opposite, upper alternate
•receptacle chaffy
•heads with both ray and disk flowers
•pappus of 2 awns with a broad papery base
50 species
6 species
Utah Flora
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Asterales
Asteraceae
Compositae
Helianthus annuus
•robust annual
•involucral bracts (phyllaries) broad
at the base and tapering toward
the tip
•disk corollas yellowish to reddish
•ray corollas showy, yellowish
Utah Flora
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Asterales
Asteraceae
Compositae
Cirsium
Worldwide
Utah
200 species
(Native and Introduced)
25 species
•biennial or perennial herbs
•leaves alternate, simple, pinnatifid, often spiny-toothed
•receptacle bristly; phyllaries often spiny-toothed
•heads with disk flowers only
•pappus of capillary bristles
•corollas white, pink, red or lavender
•anthers caudate at the base (tail-like appendanges)
Utah Flora
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Asterales
Asteraceae
Compositae
Cirsium calcareum
•Colorado Plateau desert species
•leaves arachnoid-villous
•corolla purplish
•style tip short
0.8-3 mm long
Utah Flora
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Asterales
Asteraceae
Compositae
Crepis
Worldwide
Utah
(Native and Introduced)
200 species
8 species
•annual biennial or perennial herbs
•leaves alternate or all basal
•receptacle naked
•head of ray flowers only
•sister genus, Hieracium, is similar except corollas are white
Utah Flora
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Asterales
Asteraceae
Compositae
Crepis acuminata
•sagebrush valley & montane species
•plants perennial herbs
from caudex
•leaves and stems
tomentose
•heads cylindric
Utah Flora
Rosales
9 families
261 genera
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7,725 species
Major Families
Rosaceae – Rosa, Prunus (cherries), Malus (apple)
Elaeagnaceae – Russian olive
Ulmaceae – Elm trees
Urticaceae – stinging nettles
Utah Flora
Rosales
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Rosaceae
Worldwide
90 genera
2,520 species
Utah
37 genera
70 species
(Native and Introduced)
•annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees
•leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple to compound
•inflorescence solitary, racemes, panicles or cymes
•flowers inferior or superior, perfect, regular
•calyx 3-10 lobed, fused sometimes as a hypanthium
•corolla of 3-10 petals, usually 5, distinct
•stamens 5 to many; pistils 1 to several distinct ovaries
•fruit a drupe, pome, follicle, or aggregate achene
Utah Flora
Rosales
Rosaceae
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Prunus
Worldwide
Utah
(Native and Introduced)
150 species
~5 species
•shrubs or trees
•leaves alternate, simple, often serrate; stems with caducous
stipules
•flowers perigynous, with petals & stamens borne above the ovary
•sepals 5 lobed, basally fused into a hypanthium
•corollas 5 petaled, distinct
•stamens 15+; pistils 1; fruit a drupe
Utah Flora
Rosales
Rosaceae
Prunus virginiana
•common native, montane species
•plants shrubs with
leaves not in
fascicles
•inflorescence
racemose with
15+ flowers
•drupe reddish to
blackish
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Utah Flora
Rosales
Rosaceae
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Cercocarpus
Worldwide
Utah
(Native)
10 species
3 species
•shrubs or trees
•leaves in fascicles on short, spur-like branchlets or alternate
•flowers perigynous, with petals & stamens borne above the ovary
•sepals 5 lobed, basally fused into a hypanthium
•corollas absent
•stamens 15+; pistils 1; fruit an achene with persistent, plumose
style
Utah Flora
Rosales
Rosaceae
Cercocarpus
•common native, montane species
•plants shrubs or trees
with leaves in
fascicles
(spur-shoots)
•leaves entire, linear
margins revolute
•achene long tailed
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Utah Flora
Rosales
Rosaceae
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Potentilla
Worldwide
Utah
(Native and Introduced)
200 species
28 species
•annual, biennial or perennial herbs
•leaves alternate, often palmately or pinnately lobed to compound
•flowers perigynous, hypanthium inconspicuous, disk-shaped
•sepals 5 lobed, basally fused into a hypanthium
•corollas 5 petaled, distinct, mostly yellow
•stamens 20+; pistils 5 to many; fruit an achene
Utah Flora
Rosales
Rosaceae
Potentilla glandulosa
•common native, montane species
•glandular-pubescent perennial herbs
•leaves pinnately
compound,
3-9 leaflets
•inflorescence
open, diverging
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Utah Flora
Caryophyllales
34 families
692 genera
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11,155 species
Major Families
Cactaceae – cacti, prickly pears, cholla
Caryophyllaceae – Dianthus, chickweeds
Chenopodiaceae – saltbush, russian thistle
Nyctaginaceae – four-o’clock
Polygonaceae – buckwheat, Rumex
Utah Flora
Caryophyllales
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Chenopodiaceae
Worldwide
90 genera
2,520 species
Utah
37 genera
70 species
(Native and Introduced)
•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs
•leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple
•inflorescence axillary cluster, spicate panicles, or cymose
•flowers superior, imperfect, regular, dioecious or monecious
•perianth of 5 tepals, distinct, enclosing the ovary
•stamens 5 to many; pistils 1 to several, distinct
•fruit a utricle or achene
Utah Flora
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Caryophyllales
Chenopodiaceae
Atriplex
Worldwide
Utah
(Native and Introduced)
300 species
27 species
•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs; pubescence scurfy
•leaves alternate or opposite, simple
•flowers superior, imperfect; dioecious or monecious
•sepals indistinguishable from corollas
•perianth of 5 tepals, distinct
•stamens 5; pistil 1
•fruit a winged utricle
Utah Flora
Caryophyllales
Chenopodiaceae
Atriplex canescens
•common native, desert shrub
•leaves simple, entire
•dioecious; female
achene with 4 bract-like wings
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Utah Flora
Caryophyllales
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Polygonaceae
Worldwide
Utah
(Native and Introduced)
43 genera
1,110 species
8 genera
86 species
•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs
•leaves alternate or opposite, simple
•inflorescence cymes, racemes, or umbels
•flowers superior, perfect or imperfect, regular
•perianth of 3-6 tepals, distinct, enclosing the ovary
•stamens 6-9; pistils 1 with 1-3 styles
•fruit an achene
Utah Flora
Caryophyllales
Polygonaceae
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Eriogonum
Worldwide
Utah
(Native and Introduced)
250 species
57 species
•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs; pubescence often wooly
•leaves basal or a few alternate & cauline, simple
•Inflorescence umbellate
•flowers perfect; borne in 4-10 lobed involucres (sepal-like)
•sepals indistinguishable from corollas
•perianth of 3-6 tepals, distinct
•stamens 9; pistil 1; fruit a winged achene
Utah Flora
Caryophyllales
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum umbellatum
•commom montane perennial
•leaves simple, entire, spatulate
•perianth yellow
•umbels subtended by whorled
bracts
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Utah Flora
Caryophyllales
Polygonaceae
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Rumex
Worldwide
Utah
(Native and Introduced)
200 species
12 species
•annuals or perennial herbs from stout taproots
•leaves basal or alternate & cauline, simple
•flowers perfect or imperfect (dioecious); inflorescences paniculate
•sepals indistinguishable from corollas
•perianth of 6 tepals, distinct
•stamens 9; pistil 1
•fruit a winged achene with thickened midveins (wings called valves)
Utah Flora
Caryophyllales
Polygonaceae
Rumex venosus
•native desert perennial herb
with creeping rhizomes
•found in sand dune habitats
•leaves simple, entire
•valves of fruit 10-20 mm wide
•valves lacking tuberosities
(thickened mid-veins)
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Utah Flora
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Quiz 4
Part A
On the sheet of paper provided, please answer the
following questions (spelling counts):
1. To which family does this specimen belong?
2. ?
3. ?
Utah Flora
Quiz 4
Part B
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1. On a new sheet, please determine this specimen
to genus (spelling counts).
This specimen belongs to family:
2. If time remains, for extra credit, determine this
specimen to species
You may use your Utah Flora, your notes, or any
other handouts provided in class for Part B
Utah Flora
BOT2100
Assignment
•Draw and label species provided in lab
•Make sure to label those morphological features that helped
you identify the sample (the characters in the key)
•Identify & label all samples to family and genus
•For Practice: use A Utah Flora to identify & label all samples to
species (other than any we determined in class together)