Transcript Dr. Elena Bautista Sparrow

Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
GLOBE Green-Up Protocol
Elena Bautista Sparrow
International Arctic Research Center and
School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
March 29, 2007
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Goals for the Training Session
• Provide an inquiry context for the
data collection and science
content
• Provide accurate science content
• Review procedures for data
collection
• Review data entry and analysis
• Discuss classroom
implementation ideas
• Collect feedback from participants
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Inquiry Context
• How long does green-up take for a given species?
• How does green-up differ among different species
within a forested study area?
• How does green-up relate to precipitation? To soil
moisture?
• Does temperature influence the rate of green-up?
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Local Inquiry Example
• How does green-up vary within a tree
• How does the rate of green-up of a
dominant species vary within your city
or town?
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Why do GLOBE scientists research green-up?
• To calculate growing season length and monitor
interannual changes in growing season duration
• To determine how environmental conditions
such as air and soil temperature, precipitation,
soil moisture, and day length affect plant growth
• To monitor the nature and extent of climate
change and its effects on plants and animals
• To help interpret satellite observations of
greenness
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Science Content: What is green-up?
Green-up is the
beginning of
phenological changes
that signal the start of a
growing season for
most plants.
March
1987
May
1987
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Science Content: Important Definitions
Dormancy is a state of suspended growth and
metabolism.
Swelling is seen when the bud is getting
bigger.
Budburst is the emergence of new leaves
(photosynthetically active foliage) on plants,
which signals the beginning of a new growing
season cycle.
Photos courtesy of Mike Dunn
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Instruments: Green-Up
•
•
•
•
GPS Receiver
Local Tree Identification Guide
Compass
Meter stick or tape measure
(for grass study site)
• Ruler (in mm)
• Camera
• Flagging Tape & Marker
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
The Measurements
• Green-Up Study Site Definition
– GPS Measurement
– Tree and shrub species or grass genus
– Study Site pictures
• Green-Up Protocol
– For tree or shrub: date, bud condition or
leaf length on four buds of the same branch
– For grass: date, blade length on first four
shoots to emerge
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Collecting Data: Field/Lab Guides & Data Sheets
Field/Lab Guides:
• Tree and Shrub Green-Up and Green-Down Site Selection Field
Guide or Grass Green-Up and Green-Down Site Selection Field
Guide
• GPS Protocol Field Guide
• Tree and Shrub Green-Up Protocol Field Guide or Grass GreenUp Protocol Field Guide
Data Sheets:
• Green-Up and Green-Down Site Definition Sheet
• GPS Investigation Data Sheet
• Tree and Shrub Green-Up Data Sheet or Grass Green-Up Data
Sheet
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Collecting Data:
Green-Up and Green-Down Study Site
Site Selection
• At least 2 weeks before
budburst
• Convenient location
• Native trees/shrubs or
grasses that are not
watered or fertilized are
preferred
Tree and Shrub or Grass Selection
• Identify dominant tree and shrub
species or grass genus
For Tree or Shrub:
• Select one or more dominant, native,
deciduous trees/shrubs
• Select and flag a healthy, good-sized
branch on the equator-facing side
For Grass:
• Select a one-meter square area
dominated by grass plants
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Collecting Data: Protocol
First Time
• Locate and mark green grass shoot or bud at end of selected branch
• Locate and mark three other closest buds or shoots
• Photograph your site
Every Visit
For Tree or Shrub:
• Examine each bud and determine if it is:
Dormant, Swelling, Budburst, Length or Lost
• Continue measuring until leaf stops increasing in length
For Grass:
• Examine each shoot and determine if it is:
No Shoot, Length or Lost
• Continue measuring until leaf stops increasing in length
.:
.:::
mm
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Enter Data on the GLOBE Web Site
Green-Up and Green-Down Study Site Definition
Step 1: Select “Define a Green-Up/Green-Down
Study Site” from the Phenology data entry
menu
Step 2: Enter the Study Site information
Step 3: Click “Send Data” button
Step 4: Confirm data entries on verification page
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Enter Data on the GLOBE Web Site
Green-Up Protocol
Step 1: Confirm that a Green-Up Study Site has been defined
Step 2: Select “Green-Up” from the Phenology data entry
menu
Step 3: Select your Study Site, enter the date and growing
season cycle
Step 4: Enter data for the leaves/buds from each line of the
data sheet, one at a time
Step 5: Confirm data entries on verification page
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Looking at the Data
Leaf Length (mm)
Green-Up of Betula Papyrifera
Innoko River School, Shageluk, AK, US
Spring, 2005
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Leaf 1
Leaf 2
Leaf 3
Leaf 4
Bud Burst
Bud Swelling
4
5
6
7
8
9
May
10
11
12
13
14
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Phenology:
Budburst
• Observe trees, twice weekly,
starting at least two weeks
before initial budburst.
• Report date of budburst when
you see leaves breaking out of
the buds in three different
branches of each tree.
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Classroom Implementation
•
•
•
•
Inquiry
Curriculum/Standards Alignment
Assessment
Classroom Management
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Getting Started
• The GLOBE Web site has information
http://www.globe.gov
• GLOBE Help Desk or your Country
Coordinator can support you as you get
started.
• Get your students involved doing real
science!
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol
Plant Phenology:
Green-down
Phenology: Green-Up Protocol