Transcript Document

ADAPTATION
Presented By :Teachers of Std. V
&
AIIT
Living Things
Evolution
What is Evolution?
Living things have to adjust to their
surroundings. For this some changes
take place in the bodies of living
things.These changes take place over
very long periods of time and are
permanent.
What is adaptation ?
The ability of living things to adjust
to their surroundings in order to live
is called their ability for adaptation.
Adaptation on :
•Land
•Water
•Air
Adaptation on land
in
Plants & Animals
• Desert
• Cold
In the spring, leaf
buds emerge at
the joints and tips
of tree branches
and are coaxed
open by warm
sunlight. As the
buds shed their
protective covers
the leaves unfurl.
The leaves are
arranged so that
they each receive
adequate sunlight.
Cactus
Cactus are desert plants.
• Cactus are able to store water in their stems. These
stems are thick and have very tough skins. Some can
grow as big as tree trunks but inside they are soft and
moist not hard and woody.
• A plant looses water through its leaves hence the
Cactus has leaves shaped like needles. They are called
prickles and no water is lost through them. The flowers
on a Cactus can be large and very beautiful.
Camel
The desert animal.
Camel Adaptation
Hump
The hump of a camel is an important
adaptation for desert survival. A
percentage of the water drunk is
chemically bound to the fat in the
hump, and upon fat metabolism, the
water is released.
During periods of prolonged
drought, the camel depends on
water stored in the blood cells,
fat in the hump, and body
tissues. In this way, a camel is
able to produce and conserve
water for extended periods of
time.
Head
•A camel's head has built-in
sun-visors to help keep the
bright sunlight out of its eyes.
• There are broad ridges of
bone above each eye. These
stick out far enough to shield
the eyes when the sun is
overhead.
•The ears of camel are small to
make it harder for sand to get
in them.
Nostrils
•To keep sand from blowing
into their noses, camels can
shut their nostrils.
•When there is no sand
blowing in the wind, a camel
can open its nostrils (A) and
breathe through its nose.
•When the wind starts to whip
up the sand, the camel just
closes its nose (B).
Feet
• The huge feet of camels help them
to walk on sand without sinking into
it.
•It has two toes on each foot. The
camel walks on a broad pad that
connects its two toes. This cushion
like pad spreads when the camel
places its foot on the ground.
• The pad supports the animal on
loose sand.
• The pad enables the animal to
firmly grasp the earth.
EyeLids
•The camel has three eyelids and two
layers of eyelashes to protect itself
from dust and sun. To protect their
eyes, camels have long eyelashes that
catch most of the sand when desert
winds blow sand on to their eyes.
•If sand gets into an eye a camel has a
third eyelid to get it out. The extra
eyelid moves from side to side and
wipes the sand away.
Double Hump Camel
The Bactrian camels have two
humps. They also have very
tough feet for crossing the rocky
deserts of Asia. Temperatures
can range from a low of minus
20 degrees in the winter to more
than 100 degrees in the summer
months.
Pine Trees
Cold region plants.
I am a Pine Tree. I grow on
Mountains and have:•Needle-shaped leaves to
prevent water loss.
•Sloping branches to slide off
the snow
•Growing thin and tall due to
lack of space
•Bears cones and not flowers
because the latter is unable to
withstand the severe cold.
Yak : The animal of cold region.
Special adaptations of the Yak:
The yak has a number of special
adaptations that enable it to live in
the extreme cold of the Himalayan
mountains.
Body: The yak has a short,
compact body and thick, shaggy fur
that keeps it warm in the severely
cold climate.
Legs: Short and powerful giving
the yak balance and agility on the
steep, icy mountain slopes.
The yaks cleft or split hooves help
it grip the often icy and rocky
ground.
Adaptation in Polar bear
A polar bear lives in the cold,
snowy Arctic lands. It is white.
This helps it blend in with the
snow and ice that are found there.
It has a layer of fat under its skin.
This helps it stay warm. It has very
wide, large paws. Wide, large
paws help it walk in the snow.
These are three adaptations a polar
bear has to its Arctic
environment.
Adaptation in Amphibians
The orbits surrounding a frog's
eyes do not have bottoms. So
when a frog swallows large
prey, it can close its eyelids and
drop its eyeballs down into its
mouth. Then the eyeballs help
push the prey down the throat
of the frog.
Most frogs have a sticky tongue. To catch an
insect, the frog flips out its tongue rapidly, get
the insect and retracts its tongue. Frogs will
swallow their prey in one piece because they
only have teeth in the upper jaw.
Frogs have webbed feet
for swimming.
Some have suction disks on
the tip of their toes to help
them climb.
The back feet of the frog has
a special fur to make it easier
for burrowing.
Some have large webs to
assist them in gliding in the air
almost like flying.
Adaptation in Water Plants & Animals
Lotus is an aquatic plant.
• Lotus has broad floating leaves.The
upper surface of leaf has a thin layer
of waxy covering so water does not
spread on the leaf.
• The under surface of the leaf is slimy
which prevents the lotus leaf from
rotting away in water.
• The leaves and flowers float and
have long stems that contain air
spaces.
Fish is an aquatic animal.
•A fish , too lives in water. It
has fins to help it move. The
fins enable the fish to swim .
• Its body tapers off towards
both the ends, making it
easier for the fish to swim .
• Its skin secretes a slimy
substance which helps it to
live in water .
How do fish obtain oxygen for respiration in water?
Fish have gills for this purpose .With the help of
these gills , they take in the oxygen dissolved in the
water. This is an adaptation in a fish’s body that
enables it to live in water.
Adaptation in Air
in
Plants & Animals
Epiphyte
s
Epiphyte or Air plant,any
plant that does not normally
root in the soil but grows upon
another living plant while
remaining independent of it
except for support (thus
differing from a parasite). An
epiphyte manufactures its own
food, but obtains its moisture
from the air or from moistureladen pockets of the host
plant, rather than from the soil.
Epiphytes may grow upon the
trunk, branches, or leaves of
the host plant. They are most
abundant in the moist tropics.
Bromeliads
Asplenum nidus
Camouflage
The ability to change
Each species of chameleon is
capable of undergoing a
particular range of colour
change. Some chameleons
can assume green, yellow,
cream, or dark brown,
frequently with lighter or
darker spots on the
background colour.
In the light and shadow of
the dense jungle and tall
grass which it inhabits, the
tiger’s camouflage is
perfect. Its tawny to
orange-red coat blends
amazingly well with its
surroundings, and the
pattern of black stripes
breaks and confuses its
outline, making the animal
all but invisible even from
close range.
Their colour helps them
hide on leaves if the
grasshopper is green, or
on rocks or on the ground
if the grasshopper is
brown.
Thank You