Transcript Camel Breeds of Punjab

Camel –A versatile animal
•Increasing human population in the world has
arisen the issue
of food security
• In order to combat with this issue, there is
need to explore a new world of resources.
•Camel can serve the best useful addition to
the food supply chain in terms of milk , meat
and other products.
Types of camel
Dromedary
Bactrian
Bactrian Camel
Dromedary Camel
Camel in Pakistan
• In Pakistan camel population attain one
million head with almost 20% of
lactating camel produces around 0.6
million ton of milk annually (Raziq et al,
2008).
• Such a huge amount of milk is not well
documented and never channelized.
Camel breeds in Pakistan
• Balochistan: Brahvi, Kachhi, Kharani, Lassi,
Makrani, Pishin and Rodbari
• NWFP: Gaddi, Ghulmani, Khader and Maya
• Punjab: Bagri (Booja), Brela (Thalocha),
Campbelpuri and Marecha
• Sindh: Dhatti, Kharai, Larri (Sindhi) and Sakrai
Camel Population
 World wide camel population 19 million
 Half camel population is in horn of Africa
 Pakistan camel population
About 1 m
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Balochistan
Punjab
Sindh
NWFP
37%
33%
23%
7%
Camel Breeds of Punjab
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Mareecha (Mahra)
Bagri (Booja)
Brella (Thalochi)
Mountainious
Cambelpuri
District wise distribution of Camel
Camel-A versatile animal
Bahwalapur
Bhakkar
Rajanpur
Mianwali
Layyah
Khushab
Jhang
Attock
DG Khan
11328
19339
18338
8796
16344
8594
8289
8443
11745
Major breeds of Camel in Punjab
• Milk- Barella
• Dual- Marrecha
Characteristics of major camel breeds
of Punjab
• Marrecha camel is also known as Bekaneri camel in
Rajasthan India.
• This breed of camel is well adapted to the sandy
desert and is well fit for working in desert
ecosystems.
• It is estimated that these animals can travel 100 to
125 Km a day at a high speed of 20-25 Km per hour.
• This breed is also used for load carrying.
• The coat color varies from light sandy to dark
blackish. Female she camel can give milk up to 10
liters a day.
Marketing of Camel Milk and Meat
• Milk and meat are the principal products of
the camel.
• The camel milk produced in the far-off
mountainious and desert areas cannot reach
the urban markets and is utilized locally.
• However, camel milk is sold in big cities
as pure milk, or mixed with milk of cows and
buffaloes, especially when the supply of cows
and buffaloes milk does not meet the market
demand (Yaqoob and Nawaz,2007).
• Meat is usually a by-product of a camel system and
the demand for camel meat appears to be increasing
among societies not herding camels that come mainly
from old males and females that have served usefully
in other functions in earlier life.
• Only a limited number of castrated males are raised
especially for slaughter.
• The camel meat annually produced in Pakistan is
50,000 tons valued at Rs. 250 million (Khan et al.,
2003).
Camel Breeding and Research Station,
Rakh Mahni, District Bhakkar
• Establishment
• Cost
• Total area
2004-05 to 2008-09
Rs. 187.032 Million
9173 Acres
• Main Objective: To explore the productive and
reproductive aspects of camel
A.
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Original Cost :
Rs.
153.193 million
1st Revised Cost:
Rs.
169.746 million
2nd Revised Cost: Rs.
187.032 million
Gestation Period:
60 months
Year 2004-05 to 2008-09
B.
RATIONALE
•No institution is available in Pakistan to undertake research on camel.
•Camel Converts lower quality desert vegetation into milk and meat.
•Export potential to Middle East countries not explored
•Very little basic research information is available on camel.
Physical Target and Achievements
Particulars
Targets
Achievements
Civil Work
Office Block
Four labs
Garages
Store
Service station
Workshop
Two Residences (BS-18)
Three Residences (BS-16,17)
Eighteen Residences (BS-1-14)
Overhead Residences (20000 gallons)
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Building under
finishing phase
Completed
Electric connection WAPDA Mahni 3 Km Completed
Subserviable pump i.e. boring of tubwell
Completed
Approach road (5 km)
Completed
Office Block
Four labs
Garages
Store
Service station
Workshop
Two Residences (BS-18)
Three Residences (BS-16,17)
Eighteen Residences (BS-1-14)
Overhead Residences (20000
gallons)
Electric connection WAPDA Mahni
3 Km
Subserviable pump i.e. boring of
tubwell
Approach road (5 km)
Laboratories
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Reproduction Physiology
Breeding and Genetics
Nutrition
Milk/Meat
General Information of camel at CBRS
Camel Strength
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Bulls
She-camels
Male Young stock
Female Young stock
Male sucklers
Female sucklers
Total
Fertility
5
68
4
16
25
21
139
25.8%
General Information - Camel Herd
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Mortality
1.9 %
Marrecha Camel- Productive Traits Studied at CBRS
Birth weight
40 kg
Weaning weight 70 kg
Adult weight
650 kg
Milk yield
3000 lit (410 days)
Calving interval
710 days
Milk composition is also studied
Research Work Completed With CBRS
(Under Publication)
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Identification and botanical classification of desert
plants and camel fodder in surroundings of camel
breeding and research station, Rakh Mahni.
Hormonal biomarker with reference to lactation
and pregnancy in camels.
Hormonal stress biomarker of pregnant and non
pregnant camels.
Research Work Completed With CBRS (Under Publication)
• Hematological profile of camels: Influence of
pregnancy and stress.
• Influence of lactation and pregnancy on milk
composition of female camel.
• Prevalence of Surra (trypanosomiasis) and relative
efficacy of two different treatments.
• The analysis of soil, plant, animal relationship with
reference to mineral nutrients.
Ongoing Projects
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Serum enzymes and hormonal profile of Mareecha
camel during rutting season.
Semen collection by artificial vagina and lectorejaculator in camels.
Effect of reproductive hormones in induction of
ovulation in female camels.
Biochemical indices of male and female camels
during breeding and non-breeding season.
Abstracts (2nd ISOCARD Conference
.12-14 March, 2009, Djerba, Tunisia)
• Milk composition and enzymes profile of female
camel (Camelus dromedarius) injected with oxytocin.
• Dynamics of cystic fluid, serum biochemicals, amino
acid and mineral profile in Echinococcus granulosus
affected camels (Camelus dromedarius).
• Serum biochemical health parameters status of
camels (Camelus dromedarius) in different
physiological conditions.
Abstracts ( 2nd ISOCARD Conference .12-14 March, 2009, Djerba, Tunisia)
• Biomarkers of health and mineral status in pregnant
camels (Camelus dromedarius).
• Effect of repeated doses of oxytocin on the
lactoperoxidase system of milk in female camels
(Camelus dromedarius).
• Relationship study of mineral status with reference
to soil, water, serum, urine and faeces at different
physiological stages in camels (Camelus
dromedarius).
Suggestions and Recommendations
• Collaborative research with CBRS and other
academic institutes mainly the agriculture
universities.
• Registration of camel herds
• Establishment of Camel Health Centre (Cholistan and
Rakh Mahni) with main focus on Surra and Mange
• Selection and application of modern breeding
techniques
• Organized marketing
Physical Target and Achievements
Particulars
Targets
Achievements
Purchase of Camel
80
70
Installation of Tubewell (Engine)
2
2
Installation of Tubewell (electric driven)
2
2
Installation of Mechanical Weigh bridge(1000 kg)
1
1
Installation of Mechanical Weight bridge (500 kg)
2
2
Installation of Mechanical Weight bridge (2000 kg)
1
1
7000 meters
7500 meters
Research Trials
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11
Research Publications
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6
Construction of paca water course
Bottlenecks
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Shortage of technical staff
Lack of basic facilities
Insecurity of farm staff
Illicit occupation of farm land
Interference into the farm affairs
No special/hard area allowance
PROPOSED ACTION PLAN FOR CAMEL BREEDING IN PUNJAB
OBJECTIVE
Improving
Production
STRATEGY
Selective
Breeding
PROGRAM
TARGET/ TIME
FRAME
ACTION
BY
Registration of Camel
herds
20 herds in 1st year
followed by 5/
annum
DLF
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS : Registration and selective
breeding at Mahni
SUPT. CB&RS: Collaboration and assistance
in registration.
Population recording
300 Camel 1st year
followed by 40/
annum
DLF
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS : monthly recording of camel
CB&RS and in field
SUPT. CB&RS: Collaboration and monitoring
in filed recording
Identification of
camel breeds.
Recording
production would
be done monthly
for all Camel of the
farmers.
DLF
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS: Identification Camel.
SUPT. CB&RS: Collaboration in Identification
of Camel breed
Establishing Progeny
testing programme
Registered camel
herds will be
added to the
existing program
DLF
DBI
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS: Implementation of PTP at
CB&RS Mahani in camel nucleus and in the
field.
DBI: Collaboration in semen collection and
storage.
SUPT. CB&RS: collaboration in selection of
breeding camel and semen of camel.
ROLE OF STAKEHOLDER
OBJECTIVE
STRATEGY
PROGRAM
TARGET/ TIME
FRAME
ACTION
BY
ROLE OF STAKEHOLDER
Improving in
Reproductiv
e Efficiency
Reducing age at
first calving and
reduction in
calving interval
Reproductive
performance
Government herd
and registered
private herds
through improved
extension services.
DLF
DBI
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS: Reducing age at 1st calving
and calving interval leading to better
reproductive efficiency in camel and
provision of breeding management
package through field staff.
DBI: Collaboration in extension service.
SUPT. CB&RS : Collaboration in extension
service
Field sexual health
programme
Private registered
herds through
improved extension
service
DLF
DBI
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS: postpartum reproductive
management.
DBI: Collaboration in extension service.
SUPT. CB&RS: Collaboration in extension
service.
Feeding and
Management
Private registered
herds through
improved extension
service
DLF
DBI
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS: postpartum reproductive
management.
DBI: Collaboration in extension service.
SUPT. CB&RS: Collaboration in extension
service.
Objective
Strategy
Program
Target/ time
frame
Action
by
Breed
Improvemen
t
Maintenance of
Nucleus herds
Establishment of
breed specific herds
in public and private
sector
Identification of
camel breed herds/
farms
DLF
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS: Maintenance of camel
nucleus herd through better feeding
and management at Mahani
SUPT. CB&RS: Collaboration in
identification camel breeds.
Expansion of
Mareecha
Camel
Organizing
competitions in
Camel shows
Cash awards and
other incentives
DLF
CB&RS
SUPT. CB&RS: Conduction of camel
shows to highlight interest of the
breeders of camel.
SUPT. CB&RS: Collaboration in Camel
shows.
Role of stakeholder