Transcript Slide 1

IPM for Preventing & Managing
Alien Invasive Species
Dr. Norm Leppla
University of Florida/IFAS
IPM Florida
6th International IPM Symposium
Portland, Oregon 2009
Tomato and Pepper
Integrated Pest Management
Limited Land for Vegetables
Lake
Okeechobee
Everglades
MiamiDade
Alien Invasive Species Habitat
Franklinella occidentalis
Western Flower Thrips
• Established in the southeastern U.S. in the 1980s
• Key vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus
• Very destabilizing to integrated pest management
Tomato spotted wilt
virus symptoms on
pepper
Flecking on pepper
due to feeding by
Frankliniella
occidentalis
Alien Invasive Pest
Grower’s Response:
Pesticides vs IPM
Resistant Crop
Vulnerable Crop
• Competitors
• Natural enemies
• Resistant varieties
Pesticide program:
• Application methods
• Resistance management
Integrated pest management program:
• Cultural practices
• Scouting, Identification of pests and NE
• Conservation of natural enemies
• Augmentation of natural enemies
• Reduced-risk insecticides
• Resistance management
Number of Thrips Larvae Per 10 Leaves
Insecticide Treatment for WFT
Larvae Control in Spring Tomatoes
Number of Thrips Larvae per 10 Leaves
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
3 DAT
7 DAT
8 DAT
UTC
Radiant
Spintor
Spintor2SC
2SC Baythroid
Baythroid Radiant
2.82.8
fl oz/A
66flfloz/A
6 fl6oz/A
fl oz/A 2E2E
fl
oz/A
oz/A
Dr. Tom Kuhar – VA Eastern Shore (C. Mellinger)
Western flower thrips
thrips larvae
Orius
50
Pepper
40
0.8
fenpropathrin
30
Thrips per flower
10
0
12
0.0
0.8
spinosad
8
0.4
4
0
12
0.0
0.8
untreated
Pirate bugs per flower
0.4
20
8
0.4
4
0
0.0
14
17
19
21
24
28
May & June 1996
31
3
Funderburk, Stavisky &Olson 2000
Impact of insecticides on prey:predator
ratios in peppers
Average thrips per sample
700.0
Gamma-cyhalothrin Treatments
600.0
500.0
Permethrin Treatments
400.0
Methoxyfenozide Treatment
300.0
200.0
Untreated Check
100.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Average MPB per sample
6.0
7.0
8.0
Change:
Good for
someone
else!
Agricultural Sustainability
Through IPM
Sustainability
Cultural Methods
Biological Control
Chemical Control
Physical Methods
Sales of Florida Vegetables
Millions
Vegetables, melons, potatoes ~1 billion sales
Pest Resistant Crop - IPM
Conserve Competitors
Frankliniella tritici (Fitch)
Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan)
Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)
Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom)
Cultural Practices
Host-free period
Sanitation
Resistant varieties
UV reflective mulch
Fertilizaton
Conserve Natural enemies
Orius insidiosus (Say)
Predaceous mites
Other predators
Augment natural enemies
Predators
Reduced-risk insecticides
Spinosad and spinetoram
Scouting & ID of pests and NE
Resistance management
Economic thresholds
Tomato spotted wilt virus
Radient (spinetoram)
Intrepid (methoxyfenozide)
Pepper
Capacity of minute
pirate bugs to reduce
thrips populations
F. tritici
Suppression
1 predator/~180 thrips
Control
1 predator/50 thrips
Orius insidiosus (Say)
Pepper
Sunflowers
• More Orius
• Fewer thrips
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.25
Thrips - No
Sunflower
Orius - Sunflower
0.2
Orius - No Sunflower
0.1
0.15
0.05
0
Dates
Orius /pepper flower
Thrips - Sunflower
8Ja
23 n
-J
an
6Fe
20 b
-F
eb
1M
15 ar
-M
ar
1Ap
10 r
-A
16 pr
Ap
24 rl
-A
pr
1M
ay
Thrips/pepper flower
Thrips and Orius density on pepper flowers
Pepper
Bioassay of Spinetoram toxicity to WFT
Percent WFT Mortality
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
8
μg/ml
1000
μg/ml
20
10
0
IPM
Grower
Non-IPM
Grower
J. Funderburk, et al. 2008
Tomato
IPM for WFT in Florida
1. Distinguish between adult & larval thrips,
ID adults.
2. Economic thresholds: ~1 WFT/ flower & ~3
larvae/fruit.
3. Alternate between Radiant & other
efficacious insecticides.
4. Avoid using insecticides that induce WFT.
5. Use ultraviolet-reflective mulch.
6. Vertically integrate WFT IPM with
management of other pests, e.g. whiteflies.
PEPPER
IPM for WFT in Florida
1. Distinguish adult & larval thrips, & ID adults.
2. Econ. thresholds: ~10 WFT/flower & ~3 larvae/fruit.
3. When peppers are flowering, use insecticides for
thrips & other pests that conserve minute pirate bugs.
4. Never use insecticides that induce WFT.
5. Use ultraviolet-reflective mulch.
6. Use sunflower & other refugia to provide a source of
minute pirate bugs.
7. Vertically integrate management of thrips & other
pests, e.g., pepper weevil and Lepidoptera.
IPM Education and Training
IPM Florida: The UF, IFAS
Statewide IPM Program
http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu