Transcript Insect/Insecticide Review and Preview

Purdue-Indiana
Seed Industry Forum
Christian Krupke
Assistant Professor
Field Crops Entomology
History of Field Crops Pest Management
In the beginning…
Insecticides applied with seed at planting (corn) or as
foliar sprays in response to infestation (corn and soybeans)
Soil and Foliar Insecticides
Disadvantages:
• Efficacy of soil insecticides declining w/ earlier planting?
• Equipment - requires planter
modification or sprayer
• Timing issues - must scout fields to
target treatments
• Non-target effects - all beneficial
insects wiped out
Asian lady beetle
= SBA predators
Trends in Field Crops Pest Management
New directions:
•General movement toward targeted, selective control
agents (EPA-supported)
•Insecticide-treated seed (Cruiser, Poncho, Gaucho)
•Transgenic seed (B.t. corn)
Key pests of Indiana field crops
Western corn rootworm
Western corn rootworm in Indiana
WCR variant risk map
•WCR variant is prevalent in IN and
IL
•Many Indiana producers deal with
very high pressures in first-year
corn
•Sales of B.t. corn (incl. Poncho 250)
and Poncho 1250 have been
strong
Root Rating Performance, 2005
Current seed treatments not effective under high
WCR pressures
Cruiser
1.125
Poncho
1250
Check
Lafayette, IN
0.93
0.19
1.83
Wanatah, IN
0.10
0.08
0.79
Columbia City,
IN
0.06
0.08
0.09
Dekalb, IL
0.78
2.37
Monmouth, IL
0.55
2.25
Urbana, IL
1.21
2.32
Location
1
Crawfordville, IA
1.63
1.16
2.40
Nashua, IA
2.27
1.40
2.88
Node Injury Scale 0-3. 0=no damage, 3=severe root pruning, 0.25 or greater-plants likely
predisposed to a significant yield loss.
Root Rating Performance 2005
High CRW Pressure, IN, IL & IA
3
2
1
0
ea
tr
Un
d
te
an
r
se
RW
YG
ho
nc
Po
ui
Cr
rsb
Lo
t
e
an
tur
n
ge
Re
p
Ca
rsb
Lo
s
es
rtr
Fo
rce
Fo
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Az
B.t. Corn Registrations for CRW1 as of November 2005
Company
Transformation/
Event
Crystalline
Protein
Monsanto
Mon 863
Cry3Bb12,3
YieldGard
Rootworm
(YGRW)
Dow AgroSciences
& Pioneer Hi-Bred
DAS-59122-7
Cry34Ab12,3
/Cry35Ab12,3
Herculex RW
Syngenta
MIR604
mCry3A2,3
Agrisure RW
(Experimental Use
Permit)
Trade Name
**All require a 20% refuge of non-B.t. corn**
Key pests of Indiana field crops
Ontario
Soybean aphid
Year of detection
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Quebec
Seed Treatments for Soybean
Cruiser 5FS
Gaucho
thiamethoxam
imidacloprid
Chemistry:
nicotinoid
nicotinoid
Manufacturer:
Syngenta
Bayer CropSci
EPA Reg?
Yes
Yes
Insects:
‘early season
protection’
Common name:
SBA, Bean leaf beetle, wireworm,
seedcorn maggot
Early/mid-season
Protection
“Up to 65 days of activity”
Percent Mortality (%) + SEM
- aphids placed on leaves from Cruiser-treated
plants
- mortality after 24 & 48 hours recorded
Days after planting
Mortality lasts for 35 days ~ V3/V4 plant stage
Field data - University of Minnesota
Cruiser reduced aphid-pressure by half
compared to an untreated control
Weeks below threshold of 250 SBA/plant
MSU Cage Study, 2003
250
Untreated
200
Cruiser
Gaucho
150
100
50
0
23
May
23
30
June
7
14
21
July
28
Soybean Aphid in Indiana

Indiana aphid problems start
later due to SBA summer
migration (many of our aphids
may not be “Indiana aphids”)

This complicates treatment
decisions - When and where
are seed treatments
recommended for SBA?

Economics of commercial vs.
seed production
Research Areas for 2006 and beyond
Corn rootworm:
20% refuge requirement evaluations - which works best vs.
economics
Field evaluations of Herculex, Agrisure vs. Yieldgard
Soybean aphid:
Cruiser works in the short-term - but is it a good fit for Indiana?
Gaucho - validate levels of SBA control under IN field conditions
Economic analysis of seed treatments w.r.t. seed production When are they worth the added cost to Indiana producers?
Questions?