Transcript 5-Phosphorus (1%)

 Done by:
 Masoomah Al Zaher
 Yasmeen Al Zayer
 Zahra Al Saffar
 Fatimah AL Zakai
 Wafa Al Sinan
 Rehab Al Ghanem
 Abrar Al Ribeh
 Fatimah Al Sanna
 Chemistry is the fundamental science of all
the sciences. because chemistry is physics,
biology, geology, engineering.
 Chemistry is very important although it may not be
something immediately important in your life. The
knowledge you gain slowly through school and university is
amazing. Without knowing chemistry you may not know
what those chemicals listed in the ingredients in your food
are. You may in the future mix household chemicals and
get something dangerous, this has happened in the past,
and when it does happen you wouldn't know how to best
protect yourself.
Helium is a chemical
element with symbol He
and atomic number 2. It is
a colourless, odourless,
tasteless, non-toxic, inert,
monatomic gas that heads
the noble gas group in the
periodic table. Its boiling
and melting points are the
lowest among the
elements and it exists only
as a gas except in extreme
conditions.
 It is used to cool
superconducting
magnets in MRI
scanners.
 As helium is lighter
than air, airships and
balloons can be filled
with the gas to gain
lift.
 It is used to condense
hydrogen and oxygen
to make rocket fuel.
 It can be added to oxygen
tanks so that divers can
breath more easily. This is
especially important for
people that go deep diving
(over 450 ft below sea
level).
 Used in helium-neon
lasers. These lasers can be
used to read barcodes.
 It can be used to detect leaks in high-vacuum and high-
pressure equipment.
 For materials easily contaminated by air, helium is used as a
shielding gas in the arc welding process.
 The age of rocks which contain uranium and thorium can
be estimated using helium dating.
 It is often used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography.
 It can be used to detect leaks (small fractures) in some
vessels
Why it’s important ?
 The hemoglobin in the blood is the most important
materials for human life, and iron is an important element
of the molecules of this material, is the one who earns the
blood the red color. In addition to being responsible for the
transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the various tissues of
the body and its cells.
 Studies indicated that two out of five people suffer from
iron deficiency . This leads to anemia and lack of focus ,
tired, pallor, especially in women.
 Sources: meat, livers animal, kidney, egg yolk, apples,
spinach, fresh fruit.
 When you write with ink on paper, the ink and
paper unite in a chemical reaction so that you can't
erase it. Specialized inks allow a short period
where you can erase some inks, but most inks dry
and can't be erased; they have bound with the
paper. This includes your pen and your ink jet
printer.
Medicine:
 You need to understand basic chemistry so you can
understand how vitamins, supplements, and drugs
can help or harm you. Part of the importance of
chemistry lies in developing and testing new
medical treatments and medicines.
PH
 Another benefit of chemistry in our life is
producing PH drugs .
 As what mentioned before chemistry is the central
of the sciences , one of the sciences is biology .
 PH level in our bodies :
 PH is in our bodies in blood ,stomach etc ..
 It must be at certain level or if it is less or more it
will be harmful and it will be a reason for health
issues.
 If the PH decreases the liquid will be more acidic .
 PH in blood
 Normal PH test in blood :
 7.35-7.45pH
 The blood will be more acidic when PH bellow
7.35.
 Basal blood when PH above 7.45
 Acidity in Blood
 An increase in the production of lactic acid will
leads to high blood acidity.
 In cases of extreme acidity, there is a need to
provide emergency treatment, they must add a
base substance to blood, and usually doctors will
add sodium bicarbonate.
 If the secretion of hydrochloric acid increased
from the stomach will cause an increase of the
acidity in the stomach .
 One of famous medicine or drugs for this problem
is Gaviskon
 Its contains more potassium and less sodium.
 PH in food :
 All foods, including fruits and vegetables, have a pH
range from zero to 14.
 High-acid foods have a pH closer to zero. Consuming
a large amount of high-acid foods can damage your
teeth and irritate your stomach.
 Produce with a pH closer to 14 are considered basic.
 Neutral foods range from 5 to 7 on the pH scale. You
should balance both acidic and basic foods in your diet
Fruits tend to be more acidic than vegetables. 
Citrus fruits, such as lemons and grapefruits, are
very acidic. Nectarines, pears, plums, cherries and
apricots range from slightly acidic to very acidic.
Fruits that are naturally neutral: include mangoes,
red apples, watermelon, peaches and figs. Neutral
vegetables include cauliflower, turnips and
summer squash.
 Very few fruits are high in alkaline. Bananas are
the best source of a high-alkaline fruit. You have
more choices in vegetables if you are looking for
high-alkaline foods. Starchy vegetables, such as
potatoes and yams, are high in alkaline. Several
types of non-starchy veggies are also high in
alkaline. Some of these include zucchini, peppers,
cabbage, cucumbers and green beans.
Chemistry & Environment
 The changes in the color of leaves is because of
chemical reactions.
 The pollution in the air is a result from chemicals and
it has a bad affect in our health so we are chemically
affected by the pollution.
 The reaction the is happening in the sun is chemicals,
so the heat the sun is giving us.
Chlorine
 Chlorine is used in the manufacture if many car components,






including: nylon for car seatbelts and air bags
Purify water
Plastics and polymers
Solvents
Chlorine also plays a critical role in the productions of thousands of
commercial products. Products reliant on chlorine’s unique properties
include every household item such as bleach, computer hardware,
silicon chips and automotive parts.
Chlorine is essential in the manufacture of medicines to treat illnesses
such as allergies, arthritis and diabetes.
In hospitals, chlorine compounds help protect patients from
infections through their use in cleaning, disinfection and antiseptics
everything around us is powered by batteries. From the television
remote to the car to the mobile phone. Without the battery We
would have to use long extension wires for anything that needed
to move a distance.
What batteries made of ?
Batteries are small containers filled with special chemicals that can
produce electricity. Its made up of three basic parts
1- the cathode, which is the positive terminal a
2-node, which is the negative terminal,
3- the electrolyte, in the centre of the battery.
How does a battery work?
1- first, the battery produces electrons on the negative end (or anode) of the battery.
This causes a difference between the cathode and the anode since the electrons
are only on one side. This leads to an un-stable build up of electrons.
2-In order to get rid of its difference, the electrons in the battery try to rearrange
themselves. The electrons repel each other and try to find a place with the least
number of electrons. The only place the electrons can travel to in the battery is
the cathode, but the electrolyte gets in their way.
3-Therefore, when you connect a wire to both ends of the battery it causes the
electrons to rush through it and in the process, its powers up whatever you
connect to it.
During studying chemistry..
 I learned that chemistry is in our body and our body
consists of elements..
 96% of the mass of the human body is made up of just
4 elements which are, Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and
Nitrogen.
 The remaining 4% is a sparse sampling of the periodic
table of the elements.
 here is a quick rundown, with the percentage of body weight in
parentheses.
 1-Oxygen(65%)
 2-carbon(18%)
 3-nitrogen(3%)
 4-calcium(1.5%)
 5-Phosphorus (1%)
 6-Potassium(0.25%)
 7-Sulfur (0.25%)
 8-sodium(0.15%)
 9-Chlorine(0.15%)
 10-Magnesium(0.05%)
 11-iron(0.006%)
 12-fluorine(0.0037%)
 13-zinc(0.0032%)
 14-copper(0.0001%)
 15-iodine(0.000016%)
 16-Selenium(0.000019%)
 17-Chromium(0.0000024%)
 18-Manganese(0.000017%)
 19-Molybdenum (0.000013%)
 20-Cobalt (0.0000021%)