Transcript David Ross Energy_-_Fuel_and_Conservation_2014 Part

Combustion Converts Forms of
Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy
Wood/BioMass
Coal
Natural gas
Methane gas
Oils
Garbage
Fecal matter
Animal bodies

The Turbine
Beyond the Turbine
Beyond the Turbine
1. Combustion chamber – Heat source
2. Steam turbines
3. Magnetic rotation to electricity converter
4. Electricity converter from transmission to
.household
How does the Turbine Turn?
Steam is generated and ducted/directed to the
turbine. The steam hits the fins of the turbine,
which turns the turbine.
How is the Steam Generated?


Combustion (Burning a fuel)

Burning coal

Burning oil

Burning natural gas

Burning wood

Burning garbage
Natural heating/steaming

Geothermal heating

Solar heating

Reheating
Let's take a second look at this stream generating plant...
This plant loses energy by allowing the
heated steam to evaporate without first
going through a heat exchanger to
capture the heat and reuse it in the
steam generating unit.
This is like boiling water in
a pot at home. If you put
the pot of water on a
burner without a lid, the
water eventually will boil.
If a lid is on the pot, and
the same heat is used,
the water will boil much
faster.
The Boiling Pot
PV = rT
P = Pressure inside the pot
V = Volume of pot
r = A constant – forget about it.
T = Temperature
The volume remains constant; therefore, as the pressure
increases, the temperature can decrease. Since this is an
instantaneous effect, increasing pressure and keeping the
temperature constant decreases the time until boiling.
Impacts to the Environment
Heat
Pollution

Air

Land

Water
Surroundings
Environment: Heat
Global Warming
is a topic that has been debated for years.
Power plants that use steam (combustion and geothermal), and
nuclear plants, release a great deal of heat in the form of steam.
Steam, which is water vapor, forms clouds that reflect sunlight and hold
heat between themselves and the ground. These clouds dissipate
quickly.
Combustion gasses, after they transfer most of their heat to the water
that makes steam, still carry heat into the atmosphere. These gasses
also contain greenhouse gasses including carbon dioxide, methane,
and nitrous oxide.
Environment: Air Pollution
Air pollution is anything added to the air that can be unhealthy to
those in the biosphere (people, animals, plants, etc.). The main
pollutants from any combustion are particulate matter (dust), carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides and organics (ingredients for
ozone)(hazardous air pollutants), and sulfur oxides.
Control of air pollution can be done by filtration, re-combustion (burning
like in the catalytic converter of automobiles), and chemical treatment.
Environment: Water Pollution
Water pollution is anything added to the water that is dangerous
to animals living in it, plants that flourish because of it, and animals
and humans that drink from it. Pollution from power plants chiefly is
the deposition (fall-out) of air pollution, coal dust blown into the river
that provides cooling/steaming water, and heated water returned to
the river.
Control of water pollution includes controlling air pollution, containment of
the coal, and more efficient exchange of heat from cooling/steaming
water before discharging it to the river.
Environment: Land Pollution
Solid fuel like coal, biomass, and poop has to be stored in large
supplies so it can be burned. When this is exposed to the wind and
rain, it can be eroded with dust flying and sediment flowing to the
ground. This dust and sediment can poison the ground.
Ash is what remains after something is burned. This comes from solid
fuel and oil. We also can include what is used in the pollution control
equipment. All of this is waste that has to go somewhere.
Environment: Surroundings
Location of power plants includes proximity to customers and
resources. As noted, most plants need a large supply of water;
therefore, they are located on rivers. Those that use combustion have
very tall stacks so the air pollution won't affect their neighbors –
especially during temperature inversions.
Nuclear plants are located with concerns about what happens if there is
a radiation leak. Not too long ago, the typhoon in Japan caused a
nuclear plant to leak.
Wind farms cannot be located in areas through which birds migrate as
birds fly into the propellers. This kills birds and damages the
equipment.
Conservation of Electricity

Decrease light waste

Insulate buildings

Plant appropriate trees

Program thermostats
Conservation of Electricity
Light Waste
What is Light Waste?
Light waste is the use of too much light in a
room. This is caused by:

Leaving lights on when not in a room.

Lighting extra areas of the room.

Using too bright a light for a room.
Conservation of Electricity
Insulate Buildings
What is Insulation?
Insulation is when you keep it warm on one side
and cool on the other. Buildings have insulation in
the walls and the attic. How else can buildings be
insulated?

Stop air from leaking around doors – storm doors help with this.

Stop air from leaking around windows.

Close windows and doors when using the heat or air conditioning.


Use blinds/shades on windows to allow warming light into the house in the
Winter, and block the warming light in the Summer.
Plant trees to shade the building in the Summer, but lose their leaves in the
Winter so the sun will warm it.
Conservation of Energy
Plant Appropriate Trees
What do trees have to do with energy conservation?




Trees block solar radiation (sun light) in the
Summer – especially trees that have leaves. This
keeps the house cooler.
Trees with leaves allow solar radiation to warm
the house in the Winter.
Shrubs help to block solar radiation in the
Summer, and help keep lower level of house
insulated in the Winter.
Trees help reduce flooding by absorbing water in
ground.
Conservation of Electricity
Programming Thermostats
What is Programming Thermostats?
Programming thermostats is setting the controller of
heaters/air conditioners to keep building temperatures
comfortable. Your plants, pets, and furniture won't
complain.




Keep artificial heat sources (lamps, heaters, air ducts) away from the thermostat so
the temperature near the thermostat is representative of the whole house.
Allow buildings to be cold in the Winter (~55 F) and warm in the Summer (~85 F)
when not occupied.
Allow buildings to be cold on Winter nights (~55 F) when blankets can keep you
insulated.
Set heat/air conditioning to warm/cool the house starting thirty (30) minutes before
someone gets home, and fifteen (15) minutes before the last person will leave home.
How many of you help to
pay the heating (gas)
and electric bills?
Why should you care
how much your parents
pay each month?
Offer to play Let's Make a Deal!!
You save money for your
parents...
Your parents give you a “thank
you” by increasing your
allowance!!!
Thank you...
Any questions?