Transcript NEACAUMMapping

NESCAUM-MA Mapping Project:
Example Maps
Translation Operations
• Gridding – Point-to-grind extrapolation
– Standard 1/r2; declustering; Krieging (independent of rendering)
• ArcView Import of Grids
– HDF-to-Arcview Raster translator (have it)
• Map Rendering
– Arcview Spatial Analyst add-on
EPA Emission Densities
• No Canadian data yet
1996 U.S. Total SO2 Emission Density
• Darkest areas where the
coal fired power plants are?
1996 U.S. Total VOC Emission Density
• Recall – Main contributions
from Industrial Processes and
Transportation
1996 U.S. Total NOx Emission Density
•
Automobiles and Other
Combustion Processes
1996 U.S. Total PM-10 Emission Density
• More central distribution
• Non-Fugitive and Fugitive Sources
included, but database incomplete
1996 U.S. Total PM-2.5 Emission Density
• Similar distribution to PM-10
(also incomplete data)
• PM-2.5 best indicator for
adverse health effects
PM Concentrations
• Complete Canadian data are available form
B Vet
• Canadian data will be added shortly
• Issues of contour extrapolation
Annual PM2.5 Concentration Estimates
•
•
•
The map is based on AIRS PM2.5 data (as of January 01).
The FRM data start in Jan 1999 and are of uneven length and spatial coverage
The annual PM2.5 spatial show
– PM2.5 Hot spots over the West (San Joaquin and South Coast Air Basins)
– Remarkably regional distribution over the East. Urban-metropolitan areas are barely discernable
PM2.5 Seasonal Concentration
• Need to add Canada data
• As contour? As color-coded bar?
Annual PM Coarse Concentration Estimates
•
•
•
The map is based on AIRS PM2.5 data (as of January 01).
The FRM data start in Jan 1999 and are of uneven length and spatial coverage
The annual PM2.5 spatial show
– PM2.5 Hot spots over the West (San Joaquin and South Coast Air Basins)
– Remarkably regional distribution over the East. Urban-metropolitan areas are barely
discernable
Annual PM10 Concentration Estimates
•
•
•
The map is based on AIRS PM2.5 data (as of January 01).
The FRM data start in Jan 1999 and are of uneven length and spatial coverage
The annual PM2.5 spatial show
– PM2.5 Hot spots over the West (San Joaquin and South Coast Air Basins)
– Remarkably regional distribution over the East. Urban-metropolitan areas are barely
discernable
Other
• Miscellaneous possibly useful maps
Population density maps
Features of Air Flow over North America
•
North America is under the influence of
Pacific, Arctic and Tropical air masses.
•
Between 300-500 the the strong westerlies
and a more broken mountain barrier allows
maximum eastward transit of Pacific air.
•
This ‘jet’ of westerly flow penetrating
NAM at mid-latitudes entrains and mixes
with air from the Arctic and the tropics.
•
This unique distribution of land, sea and
mountains produces a highly variable
weather: From one day to another, mild,
sunny air from the Rocky Mountains may
replace moist, warm, cloudy tropical air
and then give way to cold Arctic air.
NAVAIR,
1966
Seasonal Airstream
Regions over N. America
January
April
Streamlines are derived from monthly
average surface winds.
Airstream regions are separated from
each other by convergence zones
From October through January, the
strong zonal winds bring Pacific air
across the
July
October
Sulfate Aerosol
• With the Canadian data it would make sense to contour