Transcript ch15_crct global and local winds

Chapter 15
The Atmosphere
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1. The map shows the locations of lowpressure and high-pressure belts across
North and South America. Why is
pressure low at the equator relative to
pressure at 30°N or 30°S latitude?
A Cold air sinks at the equator and causes an
area of low pressure.
B Cold air at the poles rises and causes an
area of high pressure.
C Warm air at the equator rises and causes an
area of low pressure.
D Warm air at the poles sinks and causes an
area of high pressure.
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Chapter 15
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1. The map shows the locations of lowpressure and high-pressure belts across
North and South America. Why is
pressure low at the equator relative to
pressure at 30°N or 30°S latitude?
A Cold air sinks at the equator and causes an
area of low pressure.
B Cold air at the poles rises and causes an
area of high pressure.
C Warm air at the equator rises and causes an
area of low pressure.
D Warm air at the poles sinks and causes an
area of high pressure.
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Chapter 15
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2. If the same amount of radiation hit the following
surfaces, which surface would transfer the most thermal
energy to the air above it?
A a maple forest
B a parking lot
C an ocean bay
D a cornfield
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2. If the same amount of radiation hit the following
surfaces, which surface would transfer the most thermal
energy to the air above it?
A a maple forest
B a parking lot
C an ocean bay
D a cornfield
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3. As the sun heats the surface of the ocean, some of
the water evaporates and enters the air. How does
water vapor move in the atmosphere?
A by waves
B by clouds
C by conduction
D by convection
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3. As the sun heats the surface of the ocean, some of
the water evaporates and enters the air. How does
water vapor move in the atmosphere?
A by waves
B by clouds
C by conduction
D by convection
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4. What factors affect the temperature of precipitation
such that snow falls in the winter and rain falls in the
summer?
A changes in Earth’s rotation and the Coriolis effect
B changes in rates of evaporation and in cloud cover
C changes in the location of pressure belts and the
directions of winds
D change in the amount of direct sunlight that reaches
Earth’s surface
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4. What factors affect the temperature of precipitation
such that snow falls in the winter and rain falls in the
summer?
A changes in Earth’s rotation and the Coriolis effect
B changes in rates of evaporation and in cloud cover
C changes in the location of pressure belts and the
directions of winds
D change in the amount of direct sunlight that reaches
Earth’s surface
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5. Why is the top of the mesosphere colder than the top
of the troposphere?
A There are fewer gases that absorb solar energy in
the mesosphere.
B The troposphere is closer to the sun than the
mesosphere is.
C Particles are far apart in the mesosphere, so they do
not transfer energy.
D The mesosphere contains less ozone than the
troposphere does.
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5. Why is the top of the mesosphere colder than the top
of the troposphere?
A There are fewer gases that absorb solar energy in
the mesosphere.
B The troposphere is closer to the sun than the
mesosphere is.
C Particles are far apart in the mesosphere, so they do
not transfer energy.
D The mesosphere contains less ozone than the
troposphere does.
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6. Area A, which has high pressure, is located next to
Area B, which has low pressure. The wind is blowing
hard toward Area B. Which of the following is most likely
to occur if the temperature in Area B decreases slightly?
A The wind will blow harder toward Area B.
B The wind will blow more softly toward Area B.
C The wind will stop blowing.
D The wind will start blowing toward Area A.
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6. Area A, which has high pressure, is located next to
Area B, which has low pressure. The wind is blowing
hard toward Area B. Which of the following is most likely
to occur if the temperature in Area B decreases slightly?
A The wind will blow harder toward Area B.
B The wind will blow more softly toward Area B.
C The wind will stop blowing.
D The wind will start blowing toward Area A.
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7. Sammy feels an ocean breeze as he plays volleyball
at the beach. Why do ocean winds blow toward shore
during the day?
A Earth’s rotation causes air to blow toward land.
B The energy of ocean storms pushes air toward shore.
C Air over the beach heats up, rises, and is replaced by
ocean air.
D Ocean air is less dense, so it moves in to replace air
over the land.
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7. Sammy feels an ocean breeze as he plays volleyball
at the beach. Why do ocean winds blow toward shore
during the day?
A Earth’s rotation causes air to blow toward land.
B The energy of ocean storms pushes air toward shore.
C Air over the beach heats up, rises, and is replaced by
ocean air.
D Ocean air is less dense, so it moves in to replace air
over the land.
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8. Four cities at the same latitude have different
average high air temperatures during August. Which
city of the four would be most likely to have the
warmest average high temperature in August?
A a large city with many buildings
B a large city with many lakes and parks
C a small city next to a river
D a large city next to the ocean
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8. Four cities at the same latitude have different
average high air temperatures during August. Which
city of the four would be most likely to have the
warmest average high temperature in August?
A a large city with many buildings
B a large city with many lakes and parks
C a small city next to a river
D a large city next to the ocean
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9. Chloe made the table as part of a field investigation
about atmospheric gases. What percentage of air is
made up of the gases listed in the table?
A 0.9686%
B 1.3256%
C 93.39%
D 96.86%
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9. Chloe made the table as part of a field investigation
about atmospheric gases. What percentage of air is
made up of the gases listed in the table?
A 0.9686%
B 1.3256%
C 93.39%
D 96.86%
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10. Clean air is a natural resource that can be
contaminated by pollution. Name three actions that you
can take to reduce the amount of indoor or outdoor air
pollution. Explain how each action would reduce
pollution.
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10. Answer - Full credit answers should include the
following points:
• Try to walk or ride my bike instead of riding in the car.
This would reduce gases that cause smog and acid rain.
• Use less electricity at home and at school. If electricity
is generated from a coal plant, using less would
decrease emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide.
• Make sure appliances and the furnace are properly
vented, to reduce concentrations of harmful nitrogen
oxides and dangerous carbon monoxide.
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11. How is the greenhouse effect related to the water
cycle? What might happen to the water cycle as
greenhouse gases increase?
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11. Answer - Full credit answers should include the
following points:
• The greenhouse effect warms Earth’s atmosphere.
• Warm temperatures in the atmosphere cause
evaporation of water from oceans, lakes, and streams.
Water vapor condenses into clouds. These clouds return
water to Earth as precipitation.
• As greenhouse gases increase, Earth’s atmosphere
could get hotter.
• Warmer temperatures in the atmosphere may cause
water to cycle through the atmosphere more quickly.
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