Transcript Homo sapiens

Unit #7 Exam Review Quiz
12th
Grade:
Aquatic Science
Subject:
02/12/2013
Date:
1
A species of fish living in a coral reef changes
the color of its scales (over generations) from yellow
to blue. This is an example of
A
microevolution
B
macroevolution
C
co-evolution
D
homologous structures
2
The ostracoderms (shell-skinned) were the first
known vertebrates. They developed in which of the following periods:
A
Cambrian
B
Silurian
C
Tertiary
D
Ordovician
3
Consider a coral reef in the Atlantic Ocean: a species of clown fish are known
to live all throughout this reef.
During fishing season a large trawling net smashes the
reef into three small pieces, all of which are separated
by a large distance. After many generations the clown
fish on the three different sections of reef become different species. This is an
example of:
A
Allopatric speciation
B
Sympatric speciation
C
Parapatric speciation
D
Convergent speciation
4
Using the graph, which of the following fossils is the
most contemporary:
A
Acanthostega
B
Tiktaalik
C
Panderichthys
D
Eusthenopteron
5
Which of the following organisms would likely be
found during the Cambrian Period:
A
Megalodon (ancient shark)
B
Lamprey
C
Sea urchin
D
Octopus
6
During which time period did mammals radiate
back to the water:
A
Jurassic
B
Cretaceous
C
Tertiary
D
Quaternary
7
________ of all species that have every existed are
now extinct
A
15%
B
55%
C
86%
D
99%
8
Homo sapiens have been on the planet for
approximately:
A
5,000 years
B
106,000 years
C
1.8 million years
D
200 million years
9
During which of the following time periods did 96%
of the current species die off:
A
Permian
B
Devonian
C
Cambrian
D
Quaternary
10
Which of the following is an example of a genetic bottleneck:
A
A species of darker-colored mice survive predation from
owls & falcons, causing the population as a whole to
shift to a darker color.
B
A group of migratory birds stop on an island and never
leave. They cease their migration & evolve into their
own species.
C
A group of horses with long necks randomly survive a
brush fire that wipes out much of the population.
These long-necked horses eventually evolve into giraffes
D
A trolling net scoops up an entire school of anchovies,
reducing the population by a small percent.
11
Which of the following demonstrates sexual
dimorphism
A
B
C
D
12
A Scooter blenny is a type of bottom-feeding fish
that is found near coral reefs. Bird-nosed wrasse will
live at the upper part of the same coral reef. From this information alone,
you can assume these fish are
isolated by:
A
Behavioral isolation
B
Temporal isolation
C
Habitat isolation
D
Hybrid breakdown
13
During which time period did active predation begin:
A
Silurian
B
Devonian
C
Ordovician
D
Cambrian
14
Which of the following is the geological time
that we are currently in:
A
Pleistocene
B
Oligocene
C
Pliocene
D
Holocene
15
The bone structure of the human arm and the bone
structure of the pectoral flipper of a porpoise are very
similar. This is an example of
A
co-evolution
B
homologous structures
C
analogous structures
D
microevolution
16
Zonkeys & Zorses are the offspring of zebras
& horses or zebras & donkeys. These offspring
are sterile, meaning they are/have...
A
Reduced hybrid viability
B
Reduced hybrid fertility
C
Gametic isolation
D
Mechanical isolation
17
True or False: A trait must give a certain population of
a species an advantage (differential reproduction)
for it to effect natural selection.
True
False
18
Which of the following is NOT a factor that favors fossilization:
A
The species exists in a small population
B
The organism is small and has a chitin exoskeleton
C
The organism gets buried under biological snow
D
The organism lived through several geological
time periods
19
Leopard frogs & Wood frogs live in close proximity
to each other & will often mate. The resulting
tadpoles only survive a few days prior to death.
This is an example of:
A
Reduced hybrid fertility
B
Increased hybrid fertility
C
Reduced hybrid viability
D
Hybrid breakdown
20
The ___________ are the organisms that crawled
from the water & became modern tetrapods:
A
Ray-finned fish
B
Cartilaginous fish
C
Lobe-finned fish
D
Swim-bladderless fish
21
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for
Natural Selection:
A
The trait must be improved upon during the life of the
population/organism
B
The trait must be passed on from parent to offspring
C
The trait must allow a reproductive benefit over the individuals within
a population that lack the trait
D
The trait must be variable within the population
22
The fossils of Tiktaalik roseae, a fish-like animal that
crawled out of the water, is the transitional species between fish and
modern tetrapods. This species
existed in the __________ period.
A
Cambrian
B
Silurian
C
Devonian
D
Permian
23
Which of the following is an example of
macroevolution:
A
Over many generations a species of mice gets darker in color due to
predation from owls and falcons
B
Over many generations an off-shoot of catfish changes from a
bottom-feeder to an aggressive hunter, no longer able to reproduce
with the former catfish
C
Over many generations a species changes in size from large to
small to better fit in with the environment
D
Over many generations a species of fish changes its scale color from
yellow to blue
24
Which of the following is the shortest geological time period:
A
Period
B
Epoch
C
Era
D
Eon
25
Corn (maize) originally appeared like a grassy bush,
but over many thousands of generations mankind
created the corn that is so widely used in the United
States of today. This is an example of:
A
Natural Selection
B
Diversifying natural selection
C
Sexual Selection
D
Artificial Selection
26
Which of the following can be considered an
analogous structure:
A
The wings of butterfly & the wings of bats
B
The pectoral fins of ray-finned fish and the pectoral fins of cetaceans
(dolphins/whales)
C
The hind legs of dogs and the hind legs of horses
D
The pectoral fin of a walrus & the pectoral fin of a dolphin
27
All of the following are adaptations for moving
from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial
environment, EXCEPT:
A
eyes moving from the side of the skull to the anterior portion of the
skull
B
fins thickening into muscular leg-like limbs
C
the caudal fin/tail disappearing
D
bones become more dense to support the full weight on the
organisms
28
After a mass extinction the empty niches will
eventually (1 to 10 million years) be filled by new
species. This is called
A
adaptive radiation
B
homologous structures
C
analogous structures
D
repressive radiation
29
Which of the following situations describes
diversifying natural selection:
A
Kudu are common prey for lions, and the fastest kudu in the group
are more likely to survive an attack and pass on their genes. Thus,
the population as a whole gets slightly faster with each generation.
B
A population of gray mice is prey to nocturnal owls. The mice range
in color from white to black, with most being gray. These gray mice
are most likely to be spotted by the owls & over many generations
the mice begin to split into separate species of white mice and black
mice.
C
Horses and zebra will often mate in the wild and produce a hybrid.
These offspring are sterile, thus they can never create their own
population.
D
A population of hippo range in size from very small to very large. The
smallest rarely pass on their genes due to their inferior stature, while
the largest rarely make it to adulthood due to their high caloric
demands. Thus, over many generations, the hippos within this
population begin to resemble the average-sized hippos from the
original population.
30
A group of Atlantic cod migrate to the Pacific &
spread their genes to the Pacific population.
When considering the Pacific population this is an
example of:
A
genetic immigration
B
genetic emmigration
C
genetic drift
D
founder effect
31
The Triassic period followed the Permian period. The Triassic is
characterized by the
largest _________ event in recorded history.
A
Extinction
B
Adaptive radiation
C
Total population
D
Allopatric speciation
32
Convergent evolution is closely connected to which
of the following
A
homologous structures
B
analogous structures
C
phylogeny
D
sympatric speciation
33
A certain species of mouse is the prey of owls. These
mice range in fur color from light to dark. For whatever reason, all of the mice
except for the darkest are easily spotted by the owls. Over several
generations, which
type of natural selection would this population of mice undergo…?
A
Directional selection
B
Diversifying selection
C
Stabilizing selection
D
Eliminating selection
34
Using the following phylogenetic tree, the
Mysticetes are most closely related to:
A
Hippopotamus
B
Pakicetus
C
Dorudon
D
Kutchicetus
35
Most genetic mutations
A
are helpful to a species
B
are harmful to a species
C
have no effect on a species
D
give most species super powers
36
Mammals & avians (birds) developed during which
of the following periods:
A
Triassic
B
Jurassic
C
Carboniferous
D
Cretaceous