Transcript File
Notes – Co-Evolution Key terms: Niche = the way an organism makes a living (its career) Examples: Habitat = where an organism lives (its address) Examples: Businesses have niches too. Think about McDonald’s, Taco Bell, and Subway… How are their niches similar? Different? Co-Evolution C.E. depends on the interactions between two species. What types of interactions? Competition: (-/-) when two species fight for the same resources. Predation: (+/-) When one species hunts and eats another. Competition Example: Zebras, Wildebeests and Gazelles have evolved a taste for different parts of the same plant. Predation example: Snake can detach its jaw to fit a mouse inside. Predator-Prey Interactions Make a T chart… Survival Adaptations in Prey …in Predators Some Adaptations in Predators Speed Weapons Stingers Venom Sensors Agility Camouflage Intelligence Some Adaptations in Prey Speed Weapons Poison Sensors Camouflage Deceptive markings Warning coloration Mimic a harmful species Which adaptation? Camouflage: canyon tree frog Which adaptation? Deceptive markings: False eyespots Poison Arrow Frog Which adapta Warning coloration Which adaptation? Green parrot snake (venomous) Hawk moth larva (non-venomous Insect larva) Mimicry Another example of Mimicry Cuckoo bee (tastes bad) Yellow jacket (tastes bad) Two inedible species mimic each other Which adaptation? What does this look like to a bird? Deceptive coloration Deceptive Coloration Deceptive coloration Other Interactions that lead to CoEvolution: Parasitism: (+/-) When one species uses and harms another species, but keeps it alive. Mutualism: (+/+) When both species benefit from the interaction. Commensualism: (+/0) One species benefits and the other is unaffected. Both ants and acacia trees benefit. What type of interaction? Mutualism Egret gets a perch and a free ride. Water buffalo is unharmed. What type? Commensalism The guinea worm is coiled under the skin of an 18 year old man. This is not good for the man. What type of interaction? parasitism The green color is from photosynthetic algae that live in the tissue of this anemone. What type of interaction? Mutualism What type of interaction? Predation What type of interaction? Commensalism Key point: These are all examples of Co-Evolution Predators and prey are locked in an arms race. Some species work together to survive. Species that compete sometimes separate into different niches – behavioral isolation.