Transcript Interactions between populations

Interactions between populations
Key terms:
Niche = the way an organism makes a living
(its career)
Examples:
Habitat = where an organism lives (its
address)
Examples:
Businesses have niches too. Think about
McDonald’s, Taco Bell, and Subway…
How are their
niches similar?
Different?
Types of interactions:
Competition: (-/-) when two species
fight for the same resources.
Lab: ”Hide and Go Beak”
Predation: (+/-) When one species
hunts and eats another.
Intraspecific Competition
Occurs between members of the same
species
Ex: Two male birds compete for a mate
Basic factor of natural selection
Leads to evolution of better adaptations
within a species
Interspecific competition
Occurs between members of different species
Often leads to extinction/Losing species dies out
Can lead to greater specialization
Evolve different adaptations
Ex: Anole Lizard
Some hunt on ground and some in trees
Competition Example: Zebras, Wildebeests
and Gazelles have evolved a taste for
different parts of the same plant.
Effects of competition:
Crowding and stress
Symptoms include:
Aggression
Decrease in parental care
Decrease fertility
Decrease in resistance to disease
Can lead to decrease in
population size
PREDATION:
Predation example: Snake can detach its
jaw to fit a mouse inside.
What type of interaction?
Predation
Predator-Prey Interactions
Make a T chart…
Survival Adaptations in Prey
…in Predators
Some Adaptations in Predators
Speed
Weapons
Stingers
Venom
Sensors
Agility
Camouflage
Intelligence
Some Adaptations in Prey
Speed
Weapons
Poison
Sensors
Camouflage
Deceptive
markings
Warning coloration
Mimic a harmful
species
Mimicry ????
Which adaptation?
Camouflage: canyon tree frog
Which adaptation?
Deceptive markings: False eyespots
Poison Arrow Frog
Which adaptation?
Warning
coloration
Which adaptation?
Green parrot snake
(venomous)
Hawk moth larva
(non-venomous
Insect larva)
Mimicry
Another example of Mimicry
Cuckoo bee
(tastes bad)
Yellow jacket
(tastes bad)
Two inedible species mimic each other
Which adaptation?
What does
this look
like to a
bird?
Deceptive coloration
Deceptive Coloration
Deceptive coloration
Other Interactions :
Parasitism: (+/-) When one species
uses and harms another species,
but keeps it alive.
Mutualism: (+/+) When both species
benefit from the interaction.
Commensualism: (+/0) One species
benefits and the other is unaffected.
Both ants and acacia trees benefit.
What type of interaction?
Mutualism
Egret gets a perch and a free ride. Water
buffalo is unharmed. What type?
Commensalism
The guinea
worm is coiled
under the skin
of an 18 year
old man.
This is not
good for the
man. What
type of
interaction?
parasitism
The green color is
from
photosynthetic
algae that live in
the tissue of this
anemone. What
type of
interaction?
Mutualism
What type of interaction?
Commensalism
SYMBIOSIS
Symbiosis Lab
The word symbiosis was first
defined as “unlike organisms
living together”. The relationship
between these two unlike
organisms can be positive,
negative or neutral. There are
three types of symbiotic
relationships- mutualism,
commensalism and parasitism.