Transcript Animal Symbioses and Interactions

Animal Interactions and
Symbioses
Predation
• Any animal that either totally or partly
consumes a plant or other animal
• A “True Predator” kills and eats another
animal
Parasitism
• A parasite spends most, or all of its life
living on or in another organism, the Host
• Parasite obtains nourishment from host
tissues
• The host may be weakened but usually does
not die
Parasitoid
• An insect that lays eggs on a host
• Larvae hatch and feed off of the host
• Host may eventually die, but not until
larvae has obtained all its nutrients
Herbivore
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Animal that eats only plants
Granivores = seed eaters only
Grazers = eat grasses
Browsers = Eat leaves
Carnivore
• Eats meat (herbivores or carnivores)
Omnivore
• Eats both plants and animals
Symbiosis
• Describes two species that live together in
close contact during a portion (or all) of
their lives
Mutualism
• A relationship where both species benefit
from the interaction with each other
Commensalism
• One species benefits, while the second
species is neither helped nor harmed
Parasitism
• The parasite benefits form the living
arrangement while the host is harmed
Coevolution
• Inherited traits that allow prey to
successfully evade predators
• Inherited traits that allow predators to more
successfully capture prey
• NATURAL SELECTION LEADS TO THE
COEVOLUTION OF PREDATOR AND
PREY
• Evolution of one species in response to
another
Secondary Compounds
• Toxic chemicals produced by plants that
discourage herbivores from eating them
Tobacco Plant - Nicotine
Camouflage
• Also called Cryptic Coloration
• Any color, pattern, shape, or behavior that
enables an animal to blend in with its
surroundings
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Can you find me?
Aposematic Coloration
• Warning Coloration
• A conspicuous pattern or color in an animal
that warns predators that they sting, bite,
taste bad, or otherwise should be avoided
Mimicry
• Two or more species resemble one another
in appearance
• Mullerian Mimicry = when several
animals, all with some special defense
mechanism, all share the same coloration.
More easily learned by predators
Mimicry
• Batesian Mimicry = when an animal
without any special defense mechanism
takes on the coloration pattern of an animal
that does possess a defense
Coral
Snake vs.
Milk
Snake