Transcript Unit 20
Middle East Fundamentalism Concept Questions 1. What are the roots of modern Islamic Fundamentalism? 2. What was the United States’ response to global terrorism? 3. What were the causes of the Arab-Israeli conflict? 4. How have religious and ethnic conflicts threatened global security? Israel Balfour Declaration (1917) Creation of Israel – series of conflicts Moved Arab Palestinians to the West Bank and Gaza strip Israeli war for Independence (1948) Suez Crisis (1956) Six Day War (1967) Massacre at Munich Olympics (1972) Yom Kippur War (1973) Assassination of Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat (1978) Camp David Accords (1978) OPEC PLO Golda Meir First woman prime minister of Israel Led through the Munich game massacre and Yom Kippur War Fundamentalism Reaction against western values Strict enforcement of Islamic law (Sharia) Regulated moral conduct, family life, business practices, government Applied Qur’an to all legal situations Interpretation varies between sects Why not all Muslim countries get along No separation between religion and state Iran 1979 Revolution that replaced the Shah with Ayatollah Fundamentalism gained power Massive rioting and demonstrations by Iranians Adoption of western culture not allowed Hostage Crisis Hezbollah Terrorist Groups Shi’a group in Lebanon Wanted to eliminate Israel Bombed U.S. barracks in 1983 PLO Plane hijacking 1972 Munich games massacre NOT a radical fundamentalist group – formed to protest the creation of Israel and the U.S. and western support Al Qaeda Defend Islam against all non-Islamic religions and influences 1993 trade towers bombing, bombing of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, 9/11 attacks Taliban Fundamentalist group in Afghanistan ISIS War on Terrorism Invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan (2003) Response to 9/11 Showed that many foreign groups are hostile towards the U.S. Search for WMD’s Homeland Security created U.S. Patriot Act Private contract security forces Ongoing attempts to stop terrorist acts Osama bin Laden 2011 killed in military action in Pakistan Be able to identify Middle East countries on a map