Transcript Fundamentalism - marilenabeltramini.it

FUNDAMENTALISM,
ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM
AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF JIHĀD
INDEX
What is fundamentalism?
 How did the term “fundamentalism” begin?
 What is Islamic fundamentalism?
 What is “Jihād”?
 What is offensive Jihād?
 What is defensive Jihād?

WHAT IS FUNDAMENTALISM?
Fundamentalism is
 the literal dogmatic interpretation of the
sacred texts (or their equivalent, outside a
religious context)
 based on the fundamental precepts (typically
religious, but not limited to) and
 rejects any contrasting ideology.
BIRTH
ORIGINS OF FUNDAMENTALISM

born in 1909 with North American Protestantism opposing the theories of theological liberalism.

key concepts: conservative closed and restricted view of society: exclusiveness, isolation,
antagonism, defensiveness, aggressive towards not aligned ones
ALSO
 Fundamentalism: people belonging to the same ideology with a non radical behavior and attitude

moderate, open to compromise or would advocate a non-restrictive interpretation of religious truth.
Fundamentalism originally referred to the Protestant world. The word was replaced in the
'50s when the major members of the religious sect decided to officially change the name.
COMMONLY
It identify s the points of view - of thought and practice in the religious world – that insist
on a literal interpretation of sacred texts such as the Bible or the Koran, and they whos how
anti-modernist attitudes in their respective religions.
WHAT IS ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM?
 The word "fundamentalism" can be traced to the noun used by the
militants asāsiyyūn (from the Arabic asās: "basis, foundation")
since the birth of the Shiites in the Islamic Republic of Iran
 The definition of Islamic "fundamentalism" used by the media - is a
tautology, because of the difficulty the Islamics have in accepting a
way of life in which the mixture between religious and worldly
aspects is not, by definition, "fundamental".
 Muslims want to give an interpretation of the world based on a
link between religious precepts and social order, the state, and
ultimately the power, of dīn wa dunya,  "religion and the world.“
 For a Muslim believer “disbelief" means to reserve the expression
of personal faith in a private sphere of his own conscience,
without influencing and shaping the outside world on it.
WHAT IS JIHĀD”?
 Jihād is an Arabic word, (ǧihād in Arabic: ‫ )جهاد‬which
comes from the root <ǧ-hd> meaning "exerting a
maximum effort."
 The word has a wide connotation : from the inner
spiritual struggle to draw on a perfect faith up to the
holy war.
 It refers to Islams’ s fundamental institutions.
 Nowadays it is used in many circles as if it had an
exclusively military dimension.
 In Koran, - the sacred text of Islam - the word is used in
several Hadīth contexts in both the military and nonmilitary level of meaning.
WHAT IS OFFENSIVE JIHĀD?
Offensive Jihād

to wage a war of aggression and conquer all nonMuslims in order to submit them and their territories to
Islamic rule.
According to many interpretations including the
Encylopedia of the Orient, "offensive Jihād, in other words
the attack, is fully accepted by Sunni Islam",
BUT
unlike defensive Jihād, individual Muslims are not forced
to participate, while the Muslim community as a whole is.
WHAT IS DEFENSIVE JIHĀD?
 It seems Koran demands the military defense of the
Muslim community under siege.
 Most Muslims consider the armed struggle against
foreign occupation or oppression by an internal
government worthy of defensive Jihād.
 In the colonial era the Muslim population rose up
against the colonial authorities under the Jihād flag:
Dagestan, Chechnya, the Indian revolt against Great
Britain (Indian Rebellion of 1857) and the Algerian war
of independence against France.
 In this sense, defensive Jihād is not different from the
right of armed resistance against occupation, which is
recognized by the UN and international law.
WEBLIOGRAPHY
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http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/fondamentalismo/
http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/fondamentalismo.html
http://www2.bodoni.pr.it/5bareaprogetto/html/fondament2.htm
http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/i-fondamentalismi-nel-mondocontemporaneo_(XXI-Secolo)/
CREDITS
Group:
 Ciulin Manuel
 Ferrari Davide,
 Ferrazzo Michael
 Iacumin Jessica
 Polonio Giulia