Transcript Lesson 1 Powerpoint - Bridgend Moodle Site

BTEC Biology 3.2
Variation and classification
Mrs Barnes
Y Dderwen
Scenario
• You are an ecologist working for your local
Wildlife Trust. The Trust has recently acquired a
new location for a Wildlife Reserve in your area.
• You are going to prepare an information leaflet to
help the public identify plant and animal species in
the Reserve, an educational display for the Visitor
Centre to explain how variation and adaptation of
organisms leads to evolution, and a presentation to
help the public understand how the animals and
plants in the Reserve interact with and interdepend
on each other.
Objectives
• To decide on some simple visible
features that can be used to identify
one plant/animal from another
• To recognise that biologists use this
to classify plants/animals and group
them.
Plant or animal
• We can very easily
determine a plant from
an animal.
• We do this by looking
at their features.
We can understand the
evolutionary and ecological
relationships between organisms if
we can classify them.
• Kingdoms
• Organisms can be classified into groups
according to characteristics that they share.
The first big division of living things in the
classification system is to put them into one
of five kingdoms. These are based on what
an organism's cells are like.
Kingdom
• The first thing we do is split organisms into
kingdoms. These are very large groups!
Classification
• The first rank in the classification system is called
a kingdom. There are five kingdoms, based upon
what an organism's cells are like:
• animals (all multicellular animals)
• plants (all green plants)
• fungi (moulds, mushrooms, yeast)
• prokaryotes (bacteria, blue-green algae)
• protoctists (Amoeba, Paramecium).
Animals
• Characteristics
• Cells do not have a cell wall.
Multicellular and feed on other
organisms. Examples
• All multicellular animals,
including: jellyfish, worms,
arthropods, molluscs,
echinoderms, fish, amphibia,
reptiles, birds and mammals
Plants
• Characteristics
• Cells have a cellulose cell wall.
They use light energy to
produce food by
photosynthesis. Examples
• All green plants, including:
algae, ferns and mosses (plants
that do not produce seeds);
conifers and flowering plants
(plants that do produce seeds)
Fungi
• Characteristics
• Cells have chitin cell walls.
Reproduce using spores rather
than seeds.
• Examples
• Moulds, mushrooms, yeast
Prokaryotes
• Characteristics
• Have a cell wall but not made
from cellulose. Cells have no
nucleus.
• Examples
• Bacteria, blue-green algae
Protoctists
• Characteristics
• Exist as single cells or colonies
of single cells.
• Examples
• Amoeba, Paramecium
Further divisions
There are several further ranks before we reach a
particular species. In order, these are:
• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species.
For example, lions have the
following classification:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
kingdom - animal
phylum - vertebrate
class - mammal
order - carnivorous
family - cat
genus - big cat
species - lion.
• One way to remember this is by using a daft
sentence like this one:
• 'Kevin plays clarinet or flute - grotty
sound!'
Arthropods
• Invertebrates are animals without
backbones. Arthropods are an important
group of invertebrates. There are four
smaller groups of arthropods, based on how
many legs they have
arthropod
• Characteristics
• Insects (6 legs)
• Examples
• ant
arthropod
• Characteristics
• Arachnids (8 legs)
• Examples
• tarantula
arthropod
• Characteristics
• Crustaceans (10 to 14 legs)
• Examples
• Crustacean - a crayfish
arthropod
• Characteristics
• Myriapods (centipedes and
millipedes – more than 20
legs).
• Examples
• Myriapods - A millipede
• You should be able to use these
characteristics to classify a given arthropod.
Species
• A species is a group of organisms that can
interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Individuals
of the same species have more characteristics in
common than they do with organisms of a
different species.
• Sometimes a species may have different kinds or
breeds that show great variation, but the
individuals still belong to the same species.
Different breeds of pedigree dog are like this.
Try these for yourself
Try these for yourself
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•
•
•
Can you identify these invertebrate animals?
Look carefully at picture A.
Now look at the two descriptions labelled 1.
Which of these two descriptions fits animal
A?
• Follow the ‘go to...’ commands, until you find
the correct name for the animal.
• Now do the same for each of the other
pictures B-F.
• Write down the correct name of each animal
next to A, B, C, D, E and F.
1 Body has legs............. go to 2
Body has no legs ........... go to 3
2 Has 3 pairs of legs ... go to 4
Has more than 3 pairs
of legs ....…………………..... go to 5
3 Has a shell .................... Snail
Has no shell....................... Slug
4 Has pincers at the
end of body ..……………….. Earwig
Has no pincers at end
of body...…………………..…... Beetle
5 Has 4 pairs of legs ... Spider
Has more than 4
pairs of legs ...…...... Woodlouse
1 Body has legs............. go to 2
Body has no legs ........... go to 3
2 Has 3 pairs of legs ... go to 4
Has more than 3 pairs
of legs ....…………………..... go to 5
3 Has a shell .................... Snail
Has no shell....................... Slug
4 Has pincers at the
end of body ..……………….. Earwig
Has no pincers at end
of body...…………………..…... Beetle
5 Has 4 pairs of legs ... Spider
Has more than 4
pairs of legs ...…...... Woodlouse
1 Body has legs............. go to 2
Body has no legs ........... go to 3
2 Has 3 pairs of legs ... go to 4
Has more than 3 pairs
of legs ....…………………..... go to 5
3 Has a shell .................... Snail
Has no shell....................... Slug
4 Has pincers at the
end of body ..……………….. Earwig
Has no pincers at end
of body...…………………..…... Beetle
5 Has 4 pairs of legs ... Spider
Has more than 4
pairs of legs ...…...... Woodlouse
1 Body has legs............. go to 2
Body has no legs ........... go to 3
2 Has 3 pairs of legs ... go to 4
Has more than 3 pairs
of legs ....…………………..... go to 5
3 Has a shell .................... Snail
Has no shell....................... Slug
4 Has pincers at the
end of body ..……………….. Earwig
Has no pincers at end
of body...…………………..…... Beetle
5 Has 4 pairs of legs ... Spider
Has more than 4
pairs of legs ...…...... Woodlouse
1 Body has legs............. go to 2
Body has no legs ........... go to 3
2 Has 3 pairs of legs ... go to 4
Has more than 3 pairs
of legs ....…………………..... go to 5
3 Has a shell .................... Snail
Has no shell....................... Slug
4 Has pincers at the
end of body ..……………….. Earwig
Has no pincers at end
of body...…………………..…... Beetle
5 Has 4 pairs of legs ... Spider
Has more than 4
pairs of legs ...…...... Woodlouse
1 Body has legs............. go to 2
Body has no legs ........... go to 3
2 Has 3 pairs of legs ... go to 4
Has more than 3 pairs
of legs ....…………………..... go to 5
3 Has a shell .................... Snail
Has no shell....................... Slug
4 Has pincers at the
end of body ..……………….. Earwig
Has no pincers at end
of body...…………………..…... Beetle
5 Has 4 pairs of legs ... Spider
Has more than 4
pairs of legs ...…...... Woodlouse
A: Spider
D: Woodlouse
B: Snail
E: Slug
C: Beetle
F: Earwig
Hat
No glasses glasses
Samantha Maggie
No hat
Earrings
No earrings
No
ribbons
Louise
Jane
Ribbons
Nikki
Hat
No glasses
glasses
No hat
Earrings
No earrings
No ribbons
Samantha
Maggie
Ribbons
Louise
Jane
Nikki
Hat
No glasses
glasses
No hat
Earrings
No earrings
No ribbons
Samantha
Maggie
Ribbons
Louise
Jane
Nikki
Hat
No glasses
glasses
No hat
Earrings
No earrings
No ribbons
Samantha
Maggie
Ribbons
Louise
Jane
Nikki
Hat
No glasses
glasses
No hat
Earrings
No earrings
No ribbons
Samantha
Maggie
Ribbons
Louise
Jane
Nikki
Hat
No glasses
glasses
No hat
Earrings
No earrings
No ribbons
Samantha
Maggie
Ribbons
Louise
Jane
Nikki
Hat
No glasses
glasses
No hat
Earrings
No earrings
No ribbons
Samantha
Maggie
Ribbons
Louise
Jane
Nikki
Hat
No glasses
glasses
No hat
Earrings
No earrings
No ribbons
Samantha
Maggie
Ribbons
Louise
Jane
Nikki
Nicky
Samantha
Louise
Jane
Maggie
1 Body has legs............. go to 2
Body has no legs ........... go to 3
2 Has 3 pairs of legs ... go to 4
Has more than 3 pairs
of legs ....…………………..... go to 5
3 Has a shell .................... Snail
Has no shell....................... Slug
4 Has pincers at the
end of body ..……………….. Earwig
Has no pincers at end
of body...…………………..…... Beetle
5 Has 4 pairs of legs ... Spider
Has more than 4
pairs of legs ...…...... Woodlouse
coursework
• For P2:
• An information leaflet for the public, providing
two keys to help them identify plant and/or animal
species in the new Wildlife Reserve
• Your leaflet must be neat (using a ruler for the lines) ,
coloured in and contain:
• 2 keys
• You may use the plant and animal examples or produce
one from home. You may NOT copy an internet key, and it
must be hand drawn