Transcript Using Nature`s Notebook - USA National Phenology Network

Citizen Science
Phenology Observation Program
Tucson Phenology
Add Your Monitoring
Title Here Project
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
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Intro to Phenology
USA National Phenology Network
Research and Education
Application
Using Nature’s Notebook
Intro to Phenology
Phenology is:
Phenology refers to recurring
plant and animal life cycle
phenophases
stages, or phenophases,
such as leafing and flowering,
maturation of agricultural
plants, emergence of insects,
and migration of birds.
Phenology, in short, is a “horizontal science” which
transects all ordinary biological professions. Whoever
sees the land as a whole is likely to have an interest in it.
Leopold, A., and S.E. Jones. 1947. A phenological record for Sauk and Dane Counties, Wisconsin, 1935-1945.
Ecological Monographs 17(1):81-122.
Intro to Phenology
What is phenology?
• Nature’s calendar
• Blooms and buds
• Hibernation, migration
emergence
Why does it matter?
• Growth rate and range
• Animal – plant – climate
relationships
• Management strategies
• Leading indicator of
climate change impacts
Applications of Phenology Data
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Conservation
Resource management
Agriculture
Ecosystem services
Science
Health
Value of phenology
Phenology data helps us understand
how plants, animals and landscapes
respond to environmental variation
and climate change.
Decision-support tools
Intro to Phenology Observation
Who observes phenology?
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Famous historical figures
Historical data sets
Gardeners
Nature enthusiasts
Scientists
How can our community be
involved?
• Science process
• Climate literacy
• Outdoor experiences
Intro to Phenology
Phenology and Climate Change
Research, spring timing and range
• 43 species at Walden Pond
bloom 7 days earlier than
150 years ago
• Blueberries flower 21 days
earlier
• 27% of the species are no
longer there
• Importance of legacy
datasets
(Primack and Rushing, 2012)
SPECIES
AND ECOSYSTEMS
Photo by Scot Miller
INFLUENCED BY
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Intro to Phenology
Phenology and Climate Change
Research, spring timing and range
Types of observed shifts
• Timing of migratory bird arrivals
(Root et al. 2003, Gordo 2007)
• Timing of animal emergence
(Inouye et al. 2000, Parmesan et al. 2003)
• Timing of egg laying
(Brown et al. 1999)
Changing Migration Patterns
1977: 3,000 Brant
overwintered in Alaska
Today: 40,000 overwinter
(Ward et al. 2009)
Intro to Phenology
Phenology and Climate Change
EARLIER
Research, spring timing and range
A three-way mismatch
English Oak
EARLIER
Winter Moth
SAME TIME EACH YEAR
Pied Flycatcher
Both et al. 2006 Nature
Intro to Phenology
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
 USA National Phenology Network
USA National Phenology Network
www.usanpn.org
USA-National Phenology Network
www.usanpn.org
USA National Phenology Network
Primary goal
To encourage observation of
phenological events and understand
how plants, animals and landscapes
respond to environmental variation
and climate change.
Mission
• Make phenology data, models and
related information available to
scientists, resource managers and
the public.
• Encourage people of all ages and
backgrounds to observe and
record phenology.
A NATIONAL NETWORK OF
INTEGRATED PHENOLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS ACROSS SPACE AND
TIME.
USA National Phenology Network
Network Tools
• Standard methods for data
collection
• Basic and applied research
• Decision-support tools
• Education and outreach
Nature’s Notebook
Legacy Datasets
Citizen Science Project
USA National Phenology Network
What Is Citizen Science?
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Engages volunteers
Expands ability of scientists
Teaches scientific methods
Public and professional
scientists
• Research teams
• Educate and generate data
• Meet science & research goals
USA National Phenology Network
• Public Participation in Scientific
Research (PPSR) From Cornell Lab of
Ornithology
Citizen science, volunteer monitoring
and other forms of organized research
projects in which members of the public
engage are included in the field
• Invasive plants, birds, bees/pollinators,
earthquakes, infectious disease,
astronomy, weather, wildlife, acid rain, oil
spills, wildlife, rainfall, archaeology,
pollution, “old weather”
Citizen Science Info
• www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/about
• www.CitSci.org
• www.scistarter.org
A Multi-taxa, National-scale
Phenology System
What’s Nature’s Notebook?
A national plant and animal phenology
observation program.
Thousands of passionate citizen
scientists across the US share their
observations with researchers,
resource managers and others who
use this information to understand
our changing planet, make scientific
discoveries, and create new tools.
USA National Phenology Network
Online monitoring system
∙ 630 vetted plant species
∙ 230 vetted animal species
∙ Core protocols
∙ Abundance & intensity
reporting
∙ Metadata & QA/QC methods
∙ Dynamic data visualizations
∙ Possible species additions by
request
USA National Phenology Network
630 plant species and 230 animal species
4107 observers (1196 reporting) at 5526 sites making 97,237 observations
Summary as of 12/2011
USA National Phenology Network
Phenology Monitoring Methods
Event Monitoring
Event
Date
First arrival
5-Apr
First egg
22-Apr
Captures
• First instance of phenological
event
• Phenology of species with
predictable series of events
Does not capture
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Sampling Frequency
Estimated error in event date
Unusual events
Repeat events
Duration of phenological stages
USA National Phenology Network
Phenology Monitoring Methods
Abundance and Intensity
Captures
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Sampling frequency
Error around date estimate
Absence
Unusual events
Multiple occurrences of a
phenophase in one year
• Phenophase duration
Do you see…
29-Mar
5-Apr
11-Apr
17-Apr
22-Apr
28-Apr
5-May
15-May
Adults
present?
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Nest with
eggs?
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N
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Y
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Y
USA National Phenology Network
Phenology Monitoring Methods
Activity
Reproduction
Event
Status
Status &
Abundance
Day of year
Development
USA National Phenology Network
USA-NPN Education Program Goals
1. Science and Climate
Literacy
2. Science-Nature-Self
Relationships
3. The Integration of
Science and Education
Engage observers with Nature’s Notebook and data collection
through providing directed scientific outdoor experiences.
USA National Phenology Network
USA-NPN Education Program
• Connect people to nature
- Nature Deficit Disorder
• Agency engagement programs
• Formal/informal education
• Climate and science literacy
• Move beyond 'gloom and doom'
of climate change
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
 Research and Education
Research and Education
Recent and unusual rise in global temperature
• Understand plant & animal response
• Record early/late spring & fall events
• Ecosystem shift
• Multiple and long-term observations
• Regional and continental scale data
Research and Education
Combined Techniques
Satellite/Remote Sensing
Photographs
Hand-recorded data
Research and Education
Data visualization
Research and Education
Can we detect the anomalously warm spring of 2010 in the
NE US on organismal phenology?
NPN dataset – Used to broaden the
investigation (Fredl et al, 2011. Unpublished)
• Common deciduous forest trees
• Data from 2009-2011 only
• 100s of sites, though time-series
variable (sometimes sparse or
discontinuous)
NPN data visualization tool
Emerging leaves or first leaf date
(FLD)
Q: Advanced FLD in 2010 relative to
2009 and 2011?
A: YES
Research and Education
a project of the USA-NPN
Friedl’s study region and USA-NPN’s data
Research and Education
a project of the USA-NPN
Expanded view of data points
Early in 2010
Research and Education
Viz tool can be used to…
• Detect anomalous
seasonal temps
• Detect changes in
phenology
• Preliminary analyses
• Operate at scale from
individual to region
• Winnow dataset
• Output graphics for
presentation
• Output data for more
detailed/statistical
analyses
http://www.usanpn.org/results/visualizations
Research and Education
Research needs
• Standard, Long-term, accessible data set
• Interactive tools for visualization
• Plant and animal species data for
multiple locations
• Focal species
Results
• Better understanding of changes
• Analysis of impacts
• Communication
Research and Education
• Phenology is a teaching tool used to teach the scientific process
• Citizen science programs can assist with limited staffing
• Volunteers or partnerships with agencies can make monitoring more
robust
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
 Application
Application
Neighborhood
Local
Natural
Area
Local
Extension
Office
Community
Space/
Library
Schoolyard/
Habitat
Garden
University
Application
Workshops & Tours
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How to observe
Local species talks
Campus plant and tree walks
Demonstration gardens
Master Gardener Class with
Phenology chapter
• Phenology Trails and Phenology
Gardens
• Neighborhood Association
Partnerships
Application
National Parks using Nature’s Notebook
Phenology in the Parks
Application
National Wildlife Refuges using Nature’s Notebook
Leah Eskelin, Park Ranger
Kenai Peninsula NWR, Alaska
Gulf of Maine Coastal Program
Ventura Fish and Wildlife Office
Application
Cooperative Extension and Nature’s Notebook
Application
Personal Interactions
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Backyard observations
Trail observations
Share your data set
Data analysis
Join the conversation!
“HAVING A REASON AND A
MECHANISM FOR PAYING
ATTENTION TO THE
NATURAL WORLD AROUND
ME ENRICHES MY LIFE.” —
HANS
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
 Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
http://www.usanpn.org/participate/observe
Get Started!
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
Five Steps:
1. Select and delineate a site
2. Select plant and animal species
3. Tag individual plants
4. Record your observations of animals
and plants
5. Report your data online
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
1. Select and delineate a site
A site is the area within which
you will look for your species you
choose to observe. When you
select a site, such as your yard or
a nearby natural area, consider
these guidelines:
• Convenience and easily
accessible.
• Representative location of the
environmental conditions for
your area. Flat, gentle slope..
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
1. Select and delineate a site
• Uniform habitat
• Appropriate size - < 15 acres
• Plants and animals?
• Your backyard
• PROPER PERMISSION!
• Agency may already be
participating
• No trespassing
• More than 20 feet from
building
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
2. Select Plant and Animals
• Choose from list
• Calibration species
• Ecological importance
• Big-picture
• Proper identification
• Data quality!
• One - three plants for variation
• Use comments
3. Tag your plants!
• Ease of location
• Can always find them!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
Creating a site at home, after you’ve tagged plants
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
4. Record
Observations
To make
observations,
you will need:
• Phenophase
definitions
and
instructions
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
4. Record Observations
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YES
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UNCERTAIN
No record if you did not check
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
4. Record Observations
To make observations, you will
need:
• Phenophase definitions and
instructions
• Datasheets, clipboard, pencil:
You can download and print a
datasheet for each plant or
animals from the profile page
• Binoculars (optional)
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
Frequency of Observations
• As often as possible
• At least once a week
• All observations are valuable!
Time of Day
• Convenient
• Consistent
• Daytime
Keep looking
for a
phenophase
even if it has
ended.
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
Plants: Make repeat observations of the same individual plants
for as long as you are recording data.
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Using Nature’s Notebook
Animals: Create a checklist for your site, look and listen for ALL
species EACH time you visit. In some cases there may be many
animals (mammals, amphibians, insects, etc.) that could visit
your site.
Using Nature’s Notebook
Why?
• Phenophases may be
triggered by moisture and
not just temperature
• Negative data is valuable
• Conditions may change
rapidly
• More data = better analysis
• Climate shift may be
changing when events
occur
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
5. Enter Observations
Online
• As frequently as possible
• Follow the step-by-step
questions
• Enter data for all species
collected each time
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
REVIEW Five Steps:
1. Select and delineate a site
2. Select plant and animal species
3. Tag individual plants
4. Record your observations of animals
and plants
5. Report your data online
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
Resources available to you:
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Online training materials for Nature’s Notebook at home
Volunteer/community engagement tips
Plans for implementation of Phenology Gardens and Trails
Smart phone applications
Assistance from the USA-NPN Education Specialist on how to tailor
Nature’s Notebook to your needs
Thank you!
You’re invited to
connect with USA-NPN…
• Sign up for a phenology
e-newsletter (quarterly)
• Join the Nature’s Notebook
community and become an
observer: Contribute to
science while having fun!
• Discover new tools and
resources for work or play
LoriAnne Barnett
USA-NPN
Education Coordinator
[email protected]