Transcript 3.2.8 Classification

3.2.8
Classification
L.O: to define a species and describe how they are named
to state the principles of classification
In each picture below, are the species the same? Different?
Species
• Observable similarities
(similar genes, patterns of development, occupy
same ecological niche)
• Capable of breeding to produce living,
fertile offspring
(belong to the same gene pool)
A group of organisms with similar features
that can interbreed to produce fertile
offspring, and that are reproductively
isolated from other species.
When animals don’t care!
Horse + donkey (+ love) = mule
Hybrids – What were they
thinking?
Or the ‘how to name a really silly
looking animal badly’ game
Guess the hybrid…
Zebra and Donkey
Zonkey or
Zeedonk
In South Africa they are called zonkeys and are fairly common where
zebras and donkeys are found in proximity to each other. Like mules,
however, they cannot usually breed, due to an odd number of
chromosomes disrupting meiosis.
Guess the hybrid…
Lion and Tiger
Tigon
A Liger looks like a giant lion with diffused stripes. Some male ligers grow
sparse manes. Like tigers, but unlike lions, ligers enjoy swimming.
Guess the hybrid…
Zebra and Horse
Zorse
The zorse is shaped more like a horse than a zebra, but has boldly striped
legs and, often, stripes on the body or neck. Like most other interspecies
hybrids, it is infertile.
Guess the hybrid…
Whale and Dolphin
Wholphin
A wolphin or wholphin is a rare hybrid, formed from a cross between a bottlenose
dolphin Tursiops truncatus (mother), and a false killer whale Pseudorca crassidens
(father). The wolphin's size, colour and shape are intermediate between the parent
species. Named Kekaimalu, she has 66 teeth - intermediate between a bottlenose
(88 teeth) and false killer whale (44 teeth). The wolphin proved fertile.
Key Points
• Animals of the same species have the same
number of chromosomes (sections of
genetic information)
• Different species cannot usually interbreedbut sometimes do to produce a hybrid.
• Often the hybrid offspring is infertile – due
to the amount of chromosomes it has
Carl Linnaeus
• Binomial system
(biological nomenclature)
• Greek / latin
• Genus + species
(generic + specific)
• Genus = capitalised
• Species = lowercase
• Printed in italics or
underlined in writing
How are species named?
• Complete the table on the worksheet by
guessing the English (common) name of
each animal species from the clues given
Naming Animals Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Black rhinoceros
Elephant
Zebra
Lion
Hippopotamus
Giraffe
Cheetah
Leopard
Buffalo
Warthog
11. Baboon
12. Vervet monkey
13. Hyena
14. Vulture
Real Species!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj98E
oQ0ccc
Principles of classification
• Place the Mr Men into groups
• There are no rules as how to do this, just
however you think they should be grouped!
Types of Classification
• Artificial classification – easily observable
features (analogous characteristics), for
convenience.
• Natural classification – evolutionary
relationships based on shared features from
ancestors (homologous characteristics),
groups in a hierarchy
(mostly used)
Hierachial System of
Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Hierarchical System of
Classification
King
Prawn
Curry
Or
Fat
Greasy
Sausages
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
K
P
C
O
F
G
S