Transcript Symbiotic Relationships

Symbiotic Relationships
Symbiotic Relationships
• Symbiosis- relationship between 2 organisms
3 Types of Symbiosis
• Mutualism- both species benefit from the
relationship.
• Commensalism- one organism benefits,
one organism is neither harmed or helped
•Parasitism- one organism lives on
hosts and benefits, the host is harmed
or killed
Mutualism
A flower gets its
pollen passed to
another plant
and the insect
gets nectar from
the flower.
Commensalism
• Barnacles are crustaceans that attach
themselves to whales. They benefit by
coming into contact with food but do not
harm or benefit the whale.
Parasitism
The mosquito gets
nutrients from the
host and in turn the
host is harmed.
Predation
• Predator- organism that does the killing
and eating
•Prey- organism that is eaten
What type of relationship?
• The small fish below the shark uses the
shark as protection and eats its leftovers.
What type of relationship?
• Isopods are known as “fish lice” because
they attach themselves to fish and feed off
of their fluids.
What type of relationship?
• The sea anemone protects the crab from
predators.
What type of relationship?
• Canine heart infected with heartworms.
The picture below was taken of a squirrel
sitting on a branch just above its nest.
Identify the relationship depicted in the image
and defend your answer.
What is a habitat?
• Habitat- area where an organism lives. It
includes abiotic and biotic factors.
What is a niche?
• Niche- an organisms occupation in its
habitat.
• Its how the organism uses the conditions
in the environment.
• EX: how it gets its food and how it avoids
its predators.
Example
• The bullfrog catches insects, worms and
small fish. His predators are raccoons and
snakes. It spends its life near water and can
vary its temperature to match the water.
Competition
• Struggle for resources or mates between
organisms
Assignment- What type of
symbiosis?
On a separate sheet of paper, write the
question # and the answer.
1. A particular species of a unicellular organism inhabits
the intestines of termites, where the unicellular
organisms are protected from predators. Wood that is
ingested by the termites is digested by the unicellular
organisms, forming food for the termites.
2. Mistletoe grows on trees. It sends its roots into the tree
and uses the nutrients that could otherwise be used by
the tree. Therefore, the tree does not get to use all the
nutrients and usually dies.
3. Lichen species are made up of a fungus that contains
either a bacterium or an alga. The fungus protects the
bacterium or alga, and the bacterium or alga provides
food for the fungus.
4. The honey bee gets to eat the pollen from the flower.
The dandelion uses the bee to spread its pollen to another
flower.
5. An American Robin benefits by building its nest in a
Red Maple tree. The tree is unaffected.
6. The tick gets food from the deer without killing it. The
deer is harmed by losing blood to the tick, and possibly by
getting an infected wound.
7. Oxpeckers land on rhinos or zebras and eat ticks and
other parasites that live on their skin. The oxpeckers get
food and the beasts get pest control.
8. Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor, and
greenish-brown algae lives on the crabs' backs, making the
crabs blend in with their environment, and unnoticeable to
predators. The algae get a good place to live, and the crab
gets camouflage.
9. The human body can not digest all of the food that it eats.
The bacteria, in the intestines, eat the food that the human
can not digest and partially digest it, allowing the human to
finish the job. The bacteria benefit by getting food, and the
human benefits by being able to digest the food it eats.
10. The cleaner fish remove parasitic fish and diseased tissue
from larger fish’s scales, gills, or mouths. The cleaner fish get
a meal and the larger fish get cleaned.
11. The sea fan works as a camouflage for the seahorse, and
the sea horse benefits because of the deception from the
predators.
12. Many species of moss or algae may live on the bark of a
tree. The tree is completely unaffected and the moss or algae
has a place to live.
13. Ladybugs live on plants, eating the aphids and benefiting
by getting food, while the plant benefits by being rid of the
aphids.
14. A flea bites a dog drinking its blood supply. The dog gets
small bumps on its skin causing it to itch.
15. Birds and mammals eat berries and fruit off of plants in the
wild. The birds and mammals derive a food benefit by eating the
berries and fruits. The plant, in turn, disperses it seeds.
16. Some ant species use excess plant sap for their own
nutrition. These ants will find a colony of aphids and milk the
waste plant sap from the cornicles. In return the ants protect the
aphids from predators and parasites.
17. The Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) forages in pastures and
fields among livestock such as cattle and horses, feeding on the
insects stirred up by the movement of the grazing animals.
18. The clownfish lives among the forest of tentacles of an
anemone and is protected from potential predators not immune
to the sting of the anemone. The clownfish is protected from the
sting of the anemone tentacles by a substance contained in the
mucous on its skin.
19. Barnacles live by using long, feathering appendages to
sweep the surrounding water for small, free-floating organisms.
The critical resource for barnacles is a place to stay. Barnacles
attach to rocks, ships, shells, whales, and just about anywhere
else they can gain a foothold.
20.A few species of pseudo-scorpions disperse by concealing
themselves under the wing covers of large beetles. The
pseudo-scorpions gain the advantage of being dispersed
over wide areas while simultaneously being protected from
predators. The beetle is, presumably, unaffected by the
presence of the hitchhikers.
21.The Viceroy butterfly is not distasteful. However by
mimicking the pattern of the Monarch butterfly it is also
avoided by birds and other vertebrates.
22. Head lice is found on the scalp of humans. The lice feed
off of your dead skin causing your head to itch.