Transcript Design and Restoration

Design and Restoration
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Appreciative Design
From Fridley, 2006
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Stakeholders (including Problem Owner)
Stakeholder expectations (SE)
Functional Requirements (FR)
Constraints (C)
Design Parameters (DP)
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Stakeholders
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Problem Owner (PO)
PO commissions the project
Seek input from all stakeholders
Moving targets are part of game
Employ active listening
Document stakeholder input carefully
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Functional Requirements
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Achieving required function is paramount
Only Problem Owner forces FR’s
Key word is “Functional”
Example: “Must provide habitat for X.”
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Constraints
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Restrict how required function is achieved
Brought by any/all stakeholders
Always too many to list
Yet you must understand them
Example: “Must retain habitat for X.”
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Design Parameters
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Specified by you the designer
Generally something physical
The full set of DP’s is your “design”
Example: “To meet this particular C we
will stabilize the bank with Y.”
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Hierarchical
• Example – Bicycle
– DP of a derailleur is selected before the
dimensions of the little sprockets are specified
• Example – Restoration
– DP of mulch is selected before a commercial
fabric or cardboard are specified to go under
the mulch
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Elements of a Restoration Project
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Site Assessment
Plant Materials
Site Modification
Site Conditioning
Installation
Monitoring and Maintenance
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Site Assessment Elements
• Determination of
ecosystem types
• Hydrology and water
quality
• Topography and
drainage
• Soils
• Boundaries
• Ecological
communities
• External conditions
• Functions performed
• Local climate
• History
• Any site constraints
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Plant Material Requirements
• Native
• Appropriate for restoration goal (to restore
wetland, prairie, etc.)
• Will survive site conditions
• Will be competitive with invasive species
• Affordable
• Available when needed
• Meets requirements for local genotype
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Example: Plant material, plant selection
• Functional Requirements
– Must be key species
– Must survive
– Must be available
• Constraints
– Native
– Local genotype
– Budget
• DP
– Use spp A,B,D,etc.
• FR2
– Spp A should be bare root
– Spp B should be container
plant
• C2
– Nursery supply
– Time of year
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Site Modification can include a
number of different treatments
• Invasive plant removal
• Grading
– Filling, cutting, impoundment
– Stream channel construction
– To provide adequate drainage
– To provide proper elevations
– To create desirable water depths
– To connect to water sources
– Creation of micro-topography
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• Removal of unacceptable materials
– Weed seedbanks, toxic substances, non-soil
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Seedbed preparation
Placement of aboveground obstructions
Creation of wildlife habitat structures
Engineered elements
– Weirs, dams, dikes, infiltratration systems,
swales
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• Plugging ditches and removing tiles
• Installing liners
• Structurally repairing eroded areas
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Example: Site modification,
invasive plant removal
• Functional Requirements
– Spp Z must be removed
• DP
• Constraints
– Removal must cause
minimal disturbance
– Use herbicide
• FR2
– Herbicide must be effective
• C2
– Herbicide must not drift
• DP
– Use paint-on application
• FR3
– All leaf area must be
wetted
• C3
– Application must be
finished in three days
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Site conditioning can include
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Seedbed improvement
Preparatory crops/stubble
Mulch
Creation of shade
Addition of topsoil on stripped sites
Building of soil OM by growing vegetation
that can tolerate a degraded site
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• Techniques to ameliorate salinity problems
• Bioremediation
• Methods for creating more complex soil
biota
• Flooding/draining
– To add biomass
– To accommodate wildlife
– To decrease targeted species
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Example: Site conditioning,
micro-climate modification
• Functional Requirements
– Species grouping needs
shade
• DP
– Plant woody vegetation
• FR2
– Must shade first year
• Constraints
– Site not currently shaded
– Herbaceous weeds in
seedbank
• C2
– Must be native
• DP
– Use live stakes
• FR3
– Select spp. that will stake
well
• C3
– Must plant before Apr 15
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Installation
• Construction
– Hydrology, grading
• Construction management
– Time line, windows, sediment, salvage,
responsibility for oversight
• Planting
– Planting plan, transport, storage, planting
• Herbivory protection
• Irrigation
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Example: Installation,
management of planting
• Functional Requirements
– Plant in design groups
• Constraints
– Plants all look alike
• DP
– Pre-mix
• FR2
– Mixed groups must be
identifiable and assigned to
installation polygons
• C2
– Many of crew members are
volunteers without much
training
• DP
– Number and flag plant
groups with colored tape.
• FR3
– Provide colored maps to
each crew
• C3
– Crew members may need
map training
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Monitoring and Maintenance
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Performance standards for plants
Hydrology
Wildlife
Invasives plan
Herbivory
System perturbations
Routine maintenance
Secondary planting
Monitoring
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Example: Monitoring, herbivory and
protection response
• Functional Requirements
– Monitor for herbivory and
protect if damage
• Constraints
– Herbivory may be slow and
steady or fast and intense
• DP
– Set up walking patrol of site
for first two weeks, then
once a week
• FR2
– Set up appropriate
defenses if herbivory
threatens installation
• C2
– Hard to identify herbivore
unless observed
– Must not look unnatural
– Must not harm animal
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