Transcript Succession5.7 - fantinisfantastic

Review:
What are the 5 levels of
Organization in Ecology?
Ecosystem Organization
• Biosphere
• Ecosystems
• Communities
– Many different populations in given area
Biosphere
Ecosystems
• Populations
– Genetic diversity
• Species
– Groups of organisms that resemble one
another in appearance, behavior, and genetic
make up
– Sexual vs Asexual reproduction
– Production of viable offspring in nature
– 1.5 million named; 10-14 million likely
Communities
Populations
• Organisms
– Made of cells
– Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic
Organisms
Fig. 4.2, p. 66
4 Characteristics of
Community/Ecosystems
• Physical Appearance
sizes & stratification of
its species (ex- height diffs – rainforest layers)
• Niche Structure
#of niches, how they are similar
or different from each other
• Specie Diversity # of different species
• Specie Abundance # of individuals of each specie
HOW & WHY DO COMMUNITIES
CHANGE?
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
•Define: All communities & ecosystems are
gradually & constantly changing in response to
changing environmental conditions
(especially vegetation)
•Natural Competition: continual struggle with
species to make adaptations or compete to
obtain food, light, space, protection and other
resources
Where did you see evidence of succession at
ROBBINS PARK?
• Was CREEPY POND always the way it looks
today?
• Do you remember any changes at the pond or
the park from your trips- Compare …
1st grade? 5th gr? 10th gr? 1999, 1991, 198?
• What did you observe in the back field this
fall?
Creepy Pond
Primary Successional Plant Species
oDeveloping a biotic community in a lifeless area, initial colonization
-bare ground, rock or eroded land (no soil), abandoned parking lot, new
roadsides, newly formed lava, retreating glaciers.
o Pioneer Species - microbes, mosses, lichens THEN replaced by grasses & herbs
- r-strategist-new, large, quick & low growing, spread seeds far & wide- often
in harsh conditions, usually short lives, Generalist, mainly producers
-Rabbit, quail, Dove, gopher
o How do they get there? Wind dispersal, water bourn, inlets, soil spread , insects
pollinating , animal droppings, locomotion
Mid successional Plant Species
After 100 years, soil becomes deeper and
nutrient rich to support growth of grasses & low
shrubs THEN replaced by trees
oDeer, grouse, Bluebird
o
Midsuccessional--Transition
Midsuccessional
Late Successional Plant species
= Stable, complex forest community (old growth) after150-200+ years
-Mostly trees adapted to the areas climate & soil
-Some replaced with shade tolerant species
-k-strategist, specialist, low reproduction, high diversity, food webs
Turkey, Squirrel, fox, oak tree Wilderness species- bear, owl, mountain lion
What is SECONDARY SUCCESSION?
• Takes place in an area where already established,
natural vegetation has been disturbed, removed or
destroyed (recolonized)—natural or human caused
• Such as abandoned farmlands, burned or cut forests,
heavily polluted streams, damned rivers, large tree
falls, overgrazed….
• Example pg 153 (NC-Piedmont)
• CHANGES affect food and shelter therefore
depending on the stage of succession—different
patterns of diversity, trophic levels, energy flow,
nutrient cycling, and changing adaptations will exist
Photo examples-primary or secondary
succession?
• http://outdoors.webshots.com/slideshow/749
55749znOeRc
• http://outdoors.webshots.com/slideshow/766
85203wHvtof
How do they replace one another?
3 Factors of how & what rate:
• Facilitation-in primary succession, the pioneer
species build up the soil by adding nutrients
• Inhibition- more so in secondary succession,
early species hinder other species growth &
establishment (interference/exploitation competitions)
– Horseweed vs aster plants
• Tolerance- late successional plants tolerate (and
go unaffected by) plants of earlier stages. Mature
communities can still thrive without eliminating
those early plants
Video Clips- Primary or Secondary
Succession?
• Kentucky’s Blanton Forest
– http://pbs-afg.onstreammedia.com/vssbin/vss_SR/pbs_afg/search?template=search.tmpl&query=
Blanton+Forest&query2=Ecosystems&query3=&search=Se
arch
Crater Lake National Park
http://pbs-afg.onstreammedia.com/vssbin/vss_SR/pbs_afg/search?template=search.tmpl&query=
Crater+Lake+National+Park&query2=Ecosystems&query3=
&search=Search
POND SUCCESSION
PUT IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION?
FIELD-FOREST SUCCESSION
DESCRIBE EACH STAGE OR NUMBER
Your Task
OBJECTIVES:
•Recognize natural environments are continually changing; Organisms compete &
cooperate in an ecosystem; Resources may be limited
•Discuss the concept of succession
•Apply your understanding by drawing a series of pictures showing the stages of
pond or field succession
DIRECTIONS:
1.Find your partner using the blue card
2.Draw 3 stages of succession in either a pond-forest or
field-forest exemplifying the changes. Use a trifold or
separate sheets
3.Label the general time frame, add possible plant & animal
species, add a written paragraph of what changes are
taking place below the picture or on the back.
4.HW- Research on line, write a paragraph describing how your model would
change if an intense forest fire burned the trees. What would follow after the
fire?
Helpful questions?
• Today-first stage– What kinds of plants and animals live-in the water?
Shoreline? Surrounding area?
• 200 years-second stage
– What changes in the environment have taken place? How
will it look now? What lives in the water now that it is
shallower, or along shorelines or species in the
field/forest?
• 500 years- third stage
– Is the pond filled in? forest mature? Will different animals
live there now? How does this succession change the
surroundings? Or environment?
Homework clues
• Will fire affect succession of different
environments or not?
• Would a pond silt faster? Is there a source of
seeds to recolonize the area? Does it matter
how hot the fire was? How does fire affect
the species that lived in the area?
FOREST FIRES
• http://pbs-afg.onstreammedia.com/vssbin/vss_SR/pbs_afg/search?template=search.t
mpl&query=Forest+Fires+&query2=Ecosystem
s&query3=
• http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/slidefile/fire
/index.htm