Transcript REACH Ecology

ECOLOGY
Assessment 1
A keystone species
A. can be a limiting factor
B. Is important in maintaining biodiversity
C. Affects other species in the ecosystem
D. Affects the available food and other
resources in the ecosystem
E. All of the above
Assessment 2
When the niches of two species overlap
significantly, which of the following is NOT
likely to happen?
A. One of the species migrates
B. The niche evolves to accommodate both
species
C. One of the species evolves
D. One of the species suffers a decline in
population
E. One of the species becomes extinct
Assessment 3
Which of the following is an ideal starting
point for secondary succession?
A. Newly created shallow pond
B. Bare rock exposed by glacier
movement
C. Burnt down pine trees
D. An abandoned road
E. Newly cooled lava
Assessment 4
A stable ecosystem in North America is disrupted
greatly by a particular human stress. Which
trophic level would most likely be the first to
suffer?
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Tertiary consumers
E. Decomposers
Assessment 5
A hookworm bores through human skin
and eventually causes health problems
for the person. This is an example of
A. Commensalism
B. Competition
C. Mutualism
D. Parasitism
E. predation
Assessment 6
The primary abiotic carbon source for the
carbon cycle is
A. The carbon dioxide in the air
B. The carbon dioxide in the water
C. The carbon monoxide in the air
D. The carbon monoxide in the water
E. The carbon dioxide in plants
Assessment 7
The process by which bacteria convert
nitrogen into ammonia is
A. Assimilation
B. Ammonification
C. Nitrification
D. Denitrification
E. Nitrogen fixation
Assessment 8
What percentage of energy is generally said to
be passed on as one moves from one level to
the next on the biomass-energy pyramid?
A. 10%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 70%
E. 90%
Assessment 9
Epiphytes grow on the branches of trees to
maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on
the tree. This is an example of
A. Parasitism
B. predation
C. Commensalism
D. Mutualism
E. Competition
Assessment 10
The smallest group that can undergo
biological evolution is a
A. Species
B. Family
C. Population
D. Community
E. Ecosystem
Assessment 1
A keystone species
A. can be a limiting factor
B. Is important in maintaining biodiversity
C. Affects other species in the ecosystem
D. Affects the available food and other
resources in the ecosystem
E. All of the above
Assessment 2
When the niches of two species overlap
significantly, which of the following is NOT
likely to happen?
A. One of the species migrates
B. The niche evolves to accommodate both
species
C. One of the species evolves
D. One of the species suffers a decline in
population
E. One of the species becomes extinct
Assessment 3
Which of the following is an ideal starting
point for secondary succession?
A. Newly created shallow pond
B. Bare rock exposed by glacier
movement
C. Burnt down pine trees
D. An abandoned road
E. Newly cooled lava
Assessment 4
A stable ecosystem in North America is disrupted
greatly by a particular human stress. Which
trophic level would most likely be the first to
suffer?
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Tertiary consumers
E. Decomposers
Assessment 5
A hookworm bores through human skin
and eventually causes health problems
for the person. This is an example of
A. Commensalism
B. Competition
C. Mutualism
D. Parasitism
E. predation
Assessment 6
The primary abiotic carbon source for the
carbon cycle is
A. The carbon dioxide in the air
B. The carbon dioxide in the water
C. The carbon monoxide in the air
D. The carbon monoxide in the water
E. The carbon dioxide in plants
Assessment 7
The process by which bacteria convert
nitrogen into ammonia is
A. Assimilation
B. Ammonification
C. Nitrification
D. Denitrification
E. Nitrogen fixation
Assessment 8
What percentage of energy is generally said to
be passed on as one moves from one level to
the next on the biomass-energy pyramid?
A. 10%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 70%
E. 90%
Assessment 9
Epiphytes grow on the branches of trees to
maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on
the tree. This is an example of
A. Parasitism
B. predation
C. Commensalism
D. Mutualism
E. Competition
Assessment 10
The smallest group that can undergo
biological evolution is a
A. Species
B. Family
C. Population
D. Community
E. Ecosystem
Niche
Predation
 Individuals of one
species
(predator) hunt,
capture, kill, and
consume
individuals of
another species
(prey)
 Ex) wolf and
rabbit
Predation cont.
Mutualism
 Two or more species benefit
from interaction with one
another
 Symbiosis
 Organisms live in close
physical contact
 Ex) mycorrhizae—plants and
fungi
 Ex) humans and bacteria in
the digestive tract
 Pollination is on of the most
important mutualisms
Commensalism
 One species benefits and
the other is unaffected
 Ex) palo verde trees create
shade and leaf litter that
allows younger plants to
germinate easier
 Ex) epiphytes—tropical
orchids that live on trees
Parasitism
 One organism
(parasite) depends
on another (the host)
for nourishment or
some other benefit
while simultaneously
doing the host harm
 Does not
immediately kill host
 Ex) tapeworms,
ticks, sea lamprey
Keystone species
 A species with a strong influence
on an ecosystem
Keystone species
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