Transcript GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY

WWW.GBIF.ORG
GLOBAL
BIODIVERSITY
INFORMATION
FACILITY
Promoting open access to
biodiversity data and
metadata: The GBIF way
Beatriz Torres
Senior Prog. Off. - Outreach and Cap. Building
Strategies for Open and Permanent Access to Scientific Info.
in Latin America. Atibaia, Brazil, 7-10 May 2007
Questions for the meeting
1. What are the main
challenges and barriers
to providing permanent
open access to S&T
data and information ?
Mobilizing biodiversity data:
• Huge job
• ~300 years of Linnean work
(identification and naming of species)
• +1.7 million described species.
• Biodiversity data is complex
Biological Data Domain - challenges
Greatest
Informatics
Problems
Sub-domain
Digital
Status
Molecular
Sequence &
Gene/Genome
Data
Species- &
Specimen
Data
Ecological &
Ecosystem
Data
95% digital
Persistent digital,
universally accessible
data stores
<5% digital
Persistent physical
Digitisation,
data stores, accessible migration of legacy
with difficulty
data, indexing
80% ? digital
Persistent ? digital and
physical data stores,
moderately accessible
Data Status
Data migration,
cleansing,
vouchering,
taxonomy (gene &
species)
Migration of legacy
data, metadata
generation, taxonomy
(species)
Challenges - Barriers
Cultural:
• Idiosyncratic duplications of effort – the
“Not Invented Here” syndrome
• “Central database” thinking
• Potential data providers’ resistance to:
• including metadata in their databases
• adopting standards for data and metadata
Barriers:
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Institutional: e.g. No reward system
Legal (IPRs)
Policies
Technological (interoperability)
Question 2
What are some of the
most promising existing
models or mechanisms
for providing this access?
Will present the GBIF Experience (www.gbif.org)
GBIF’s is a global scientific initiative
• Mission:
Make primary biodiversity data freely and
openly available via the internet.
– Development of tools, standards & protocols ->
interoperability of databases. Digitization. Catalogues
of names and capacity building.
• Started in 2001
• Members: Governments + international
organizations
Everything GBIF does is in
partnership with others
GTI, Species loss (2010
indicators), GSPC, CHM,
Conservation
Commons
GBIF to date has
mobilized 122+ mill.
biodiversity
data records
(observational,
names and
specimen data)
Obligations for GBIF members
• Share biodiversity data
• Build a Node(s) -> build a
network ...
GBIF Policies
• GBIF is a gateway. It does not own the data it
serves -> data belongs to the data providers.
• Full atribution to data providers (citation format)
• Data travels with metadata (names of
scientists/data providers, restrictions if any ...
• Not serving sensitive data (e.g. location on
endangered species).
• GBIF does not impose IPRs.
– Data use and data sharing agreements in place
(citation of data sources is a must!)
– ProBono Legal Expert Advisory Group
– Next: Exploring with the Science and Creative
Commons the use of licensing agreements.
Establishing clear rules and a
working framework
2006 GBIF Governing Board
Recommendation on Open Access
To research councils, other funding agencies and
private foundations …
• Promote that proposals for funding for
biodiversity research include a plan for the
maintenance and sharing of the digital
biodiversity data generated in proposed projects;
• Promote that species and specimen level data
and associated metadata that are generated in
funded projects are made publicly available
through mechanisms cooperating with GBIF,
within a specified period after completion of the
supported research."
Open Access (legally binding)
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Decision VIII/11, 2006, under Scientific
and Technical Cooperation.
CBD... Invites Parties and other
Governments, as appropriate, to provide
free and open access to all past, present
and future public-good research results,
assessments, maps and databases on
biodiversity, in accordance with national
and international legislation;
Mobilizing biodiversity data (www.gbif.org)
Sandwich tern
distribution
Sterna
sandwichensis
New GBIF Portal launching July 2007
PUTTING GBIFmediated
BIODIVERSITY DATA
TO USE
Assessing species loss through time (CBD 2010
target and indicators): Indices of biodiversity loss
can be calculated, for species of national interest
(endangered, commercially-valuable…)
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
Tamandua mexicana
Alouatta paliata
300,000
Ateles geoffroyi
250,000
Guaiacum sanctum
Sciurus aberti
200,000
Peromyscus spicilegus
Sciurus nayaritensis
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
Illustrations from Conabio, Mexico and O. M. Chisano
1980
1990
2000
2010
Source: Soberón & Peterson 2007
Modeling and prediction of impact of alien
invasive species:
Long-horned Asian
beetle invades the USA
from China in wooded
crates
(Town Peterson)
Distribution model for N.America based
on climatic conditions.
Places where the
Asian long-horned beetle
was recorded (Chicago y
NY)
Red: High probabilities
of invasion.
(Town Peterson)
Jorge Soberón
Peromyscus maniculatus Main vector of
Main vector of Hanta virus
Low probabilityty
Medium probability
High probability
Peromyscus maniculatus
Jorge Soberón
Effect of global climate change on butterfly species
richness: now versus 2020
2020
Present
Peterson et al.
Cd. Obregón
Comarca Lagunera
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Planicie Huasteca
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Gossypium barbadense
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Tecomán, Col.
Source: Jorge Soberón
Diseases: Climate Change effects
Where are malaria
vectors likely to find
appropriate climate
and environmental
conditions in the
future?
Here, we present
the average of two
scenarios created by
the Hadley Climate
Change Center …
for the year 2050.
quadriannulatus
gambiae
melas
arabiensis
merus
Red areas will be more appropriate to the
mosquitoes in the future, blue areas less
Town Peterson with Mark Benedict and Bex Levine
What is next?
Moving to ... full implementation:
• New Data Portal (July 2007). Integration of interactive
maps, web services, multiple taxonomy display, improved
validation and feedback to data providers.
• Specialized training (DiGIR/Tapir, sensitive data, georeferencing, data modeling).
• Now: Development of standards for species (e.g. Plinian
Core)
• Work with IPRs (with the Science & Creative Commons)
• Open source tools to help data providers
–improve data quality
–Geo-reference descriptive locality data
–Tools to help planning, address conservation issues and
decision-making
– Involvement in the CBD 2010 indicators
How to contact GBIF?
Web site:
www.gbif.org
Data portal: www.gbif.net
GBIF Secretariat
Universitetsparken 15
2100 Copenhagen
Denmark
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: +45 3532 1470
Fax:
+45 3532 1480
New GBIF Secretariat headquarters, supported by
grant from Aage V. Jensens Fonde
GBIF’s areas of work
• The types of data
that GBIF -> no
duplication of any
existing effort.
Solution 2
• GBIF provides some matching funding to help
computerise biodiversity data
• GBIF urges funding sources to provide funds to
digitise biodiversity data
• GBIF calls upon funding agencies to consider
requiring that data in biodiversity projects be
made openly available
• GBIF has assembled a set of guidelines and
tools for improving data quality
Three papers on data quality and use are
available at www.gbif.org