Transcript ICES FBtN-spotmeter_EEA_6_March_2009

EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – Spotmeter
Hans Frost
Hans Lassen
Søren Anker Pedersen
EEA 6 March
Basis for EURECA ‘Fish Behind the Net’
Geographical and Conceptual system definition:
1. Review the ecosystem services provided from the marine ecosystem:
Identifying them
2. Restrict to waters the EU Seas (Black Sea, Northeast Atlantic,
Mediterranean, Black Sea):
Based on existing well-founded knowledge
3. Restrict to services significantly affected by commercial fisheries:
Restriction will be area specific
4. Restrict to services that can be quantified and preferably valuated:
Restriction will be area specific
FBtN is restricted to EU waters and to ecosystem services
affected by fisheries
What is the EURECA ‘Fish Behind the Net’- Spotmeter?
Key issues of concern and stressors with regards Exploiting the marine
environment based on the following ‘building blocks’:
1. Assessing the selected ecosystem goods and services:
Identifying and quantifying them
2. Analysing consequences of context changes:
Quantifying and valuing the observed trends/changes
3. Exploring resilience / sustainability issues
4. Exploring management measures to address the observed
and future trends/changes
FBtN aims at providing relevant information to support the 2012
reform of the CFP
EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – Spotmeter
Spotmeter
Indicators
Status and trend
assessment, based
on existing
indicators.
Where possible,
relative to
established
management targets
or thresholds in
relevant EU policies
EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – Relevant
Services
Indicators
Food Provision
Regional population
structures – Cultural
Icon species
Healthy marine
ecosystems:
Biodiversity
Sensitive to invasive
species
Food provision can
be quantified and
valuated
Regional policies
Biodiversity
Difficult to valuate
EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – Spotmeter
Fisheries effects/impacts on
marine ecosystem services
at regional level
•
•
•
•
Baltic Sea
NE-Atlantic
Mediterranean
Black Seas
and
at the full European level.
European Lifestyles and
Marine Ecosystems (ELME)
Food provisioning
Healthy ecosystem:
The ‘fishing down’
effect is strong and
everywhere.
Pauly, 2002
EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – Spotmeter
Example:
Survey of North Sea cod spawning grounds
Cod egg survey 2004
(Fox et al., 2008)
NATURA 2000-protected habitats and species in the North Sea- and Baltic
Sea according to Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Directive (FFH-Directive) and the Bird
Directive (BD)
FFH-Habitats
Sandbank, Reefs
Benthic communities in FFH - Habitats
FFH-Annex II
Marine Mammals
Harbour porpoise, Harbour
Seal, Grey Seal
FFH-Annex II Fish
Species
Shad, Twaite Shad, Hounting,
River Lamprey, Sea Lamprey,
Sturgeon
BD Annex I and
migratory bird
species
Red-throated Diver, Blackthroated Diver, Terns,
Common Scoter, Long-tailed
duck, etc.
The EMPAS project: Natura 2000 sites
1
Baltic Sea
2
4
4
4
1
2
3
3
5
North Sea
3
North Sea:
1.– SCI Doggerbank; 2. – SCI SyltOuter Reef; 3. – SCI BorkumReef Ground; 4.
– SPA Eastern German Bight
Baltic Sea:
6
1. – SCI FehmarnBelt; 2. –SCI KadetTrench; 3. – SCI Western Rønne Bank;
4. – SCI Adler Ground; 5. – SCI Pomeranian Bay with Odra Bank; 6. – SPA
Pomeranian Bay
FBtN – Spotmeter developing and testing
Impact from fishing on ecosystem services
”Indicator species” for GES?
BB 2:
BB 1:
Impact assessment:
Stock assessment
Gear types
Fleets
-Overfishing
- Distribution
- Population structure
- Smaller fish
Eco-effects of fishing
- By-catch
- Genetic effects
- Habitats effects
- Food web
-Other effects
Overfishing
(Low yield)
Today
Analysing conseq.:
Value of cod
Value of other services:
- Recreational value
- Lost of cultur/social v.
- Turisme
- Consumer behaviour
- others
Value of Eco-effects:
- Change in food webs
- Value of other species
- Value of food species
- Value of by-catch
BB 3:
BB 4:
Resilienece:
Target stocks:
- Pollution
- Climate change
- Invasive species
- Other changes
Ecosystems:
- Pollution
- Climate change
- Invasive species
- Other changes
Measures:
Reduce effort
Change gear
Natura2000
MPAs
MSC
Incentives
ITQ
Other measures
Policy objectives - and trade-offs?
GES (MSFD)
MSY (CFP)
FBtN – Spotmeter developing and testing
Impact from fishing on ecosystem services
”Indicator species” for GES?
BB 2:
BB 1:
Impact assessment:
Stock assessment
Gear types
Fleets
-Overfishing
- Distribution
- Population structure
- Smaller fish
Eco-effects of fishing
- By-catch
- Genetic effects
- Habitats effects
- Food web
-Other effects
Overfishing
(Low yield)
Today
Analysing conseq.:
Value of cod
Value of other services:
- Recreational value
- Lost of cultur/social v.
- Turisme
- Consumer behaviour
- others
Value of Eco-effects:
- Change in food webs
- Value of other species
- Value of food species
- Value of by-catch
BB 3:
BB 4:
Resilienece:
Target stocks:
- Pollution
- Climate change
- Invasive species
- Other changes
Ecosystems:
- Pollution
- Climate change
- Invasive species
- Other changes
Measures:
Reduce effort
Change gear
Natura2000
MPAs
MSC
Incentives
ITQ
Other measures
Policy objectives - and trade-offs?
GES (MSFD)
MSY (CFP)
FBtN – Spotmeter developing and testing
Impact from fishing on ecosystem services
”Indicator species” for GES?
BB 2:
BB 1:
Impact assessment:
Stock assessment
Gear types
Fleets
-Overfishing
- Distribution
- Population structure
- Smaller fish
Eco-effects of fishing
- By-catch
- Genetic effects
- Habitats effects
- Food web
- Other effects
Overfishing
(Low yield)
Today
Analysing conseq.:
Value of cod
Value of other services:
- Recreational value
- Lost of cultur/social v.
- Turisme
- Consumer behaviour
- others
Value of Eco-effects:
- Change in food webs
- Value of other species
- Value of food species
- Value of by-catch
BB 3:
BB 4:
Resilienece:
Target stocks:
- Pollution
- Climate change
- Invasive species
- Other changes
Ecosystems:
- Pollution
- Climate change
- Invasive species
- Other changes
Measures:
Reduce effort
Change gear
Natura2000
MPAs
MSC
Incentives
ITQ
Other measures
Policy objectives - and trade-offs?
GES (MSFD)
MSY (CFP)
The type of assessment model we work with in
fisheries
Valuation of Ecosystem Services
Benchmarks for fisheries management
300
6000
Total costs
Biomass
250
5000
Gross revenue
c
a
200
4000
Resource rent
150
3000
Biomass
100
2000
Revenu e and co sts
b
50
1000
Overcapacity
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Capacity (effort)
80
90
100
110
120
The marine system
Effort
Ecosystem
process/Habitat
Stock
Net
profit
Discards
Regulation
Cultural
Catches
(landings)
Demand (prices)
Difficult towards impossible
To handle
EURECA’s ‘Fish Behind the Net’ (FBtN) – Spotmeter
“Thank You”