Transcript forest resources - Xavier Institute of Management

FOREST RESOURCES
ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR
ISLANDS: a case study
CONDITION THAT PREVAILED BEFORE
 One of the finest tropical evergreen
forests
 Rich biodiversity
 Low population, tribals living in
harmony with nature.
CONDITION THAT EXISTS NOW:
Forest degradation due to legal and
illegal logging.
 Degradation of soil, soil erosion.
 Heavy flow of sediments into coastal
waters killing substantial amount of
corals.
 Threat to the biodiversity (saltwater
crocodile and Andaman wild pig have
become endangered species).
 Threat to tribes.
 Population pressure is high.

CAUSES:
 Extraction
of timber : from 1883.
 Govt. supported migration of people
from other parts of the country.
 The 340-km long Andanman trunk
road.
 Increased interference of man.
FOREST AREA COVER
Class
Percentage of
Geographic area
Area in sq.km.
DENSE FOREST
377358
11.48
OPEN FOREST
255064
7.76
MANGROVES
4,871
0.15
51,896
1.58
NON FOREST
2,598,074
79.03
TOTAL
3,287,263
100.00
SCRUB
SOURCE : FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 1999
www.mapsofindia.com
www.mapsofindia.com
Our focus will be on :
 Present
scenario
 Threats posed due to human
activities
 The resources
 Forest conservation and sustainable
resource use.
 Community participation
STATE OF WORLDS FORESTS
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The total forest area of the world amounts to
3.6 billion hectares in 1999 , down from 6 billion
hectares 8000 years ago
56 countries have lost between 90 and 100% of
their forests.
15 million hectares of forest were lost annually
in the last two decades,largely in the tropics.
12.5% of plants and 75% of animal species are
threatened by decline of forests
In the developing countries alone, some US$ 45
billion is lost through poor forest management.
About 14 million hectares of forestland are lost
annually, due to conversion of forests into
cropland.
Source: WCFSD report ,1999
Plant species under threat

Threat Category (IUCN )
species
Extinct
Extinct/Endangered
Endangered
Endangered/Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Rare
Indeterminate
Insufficiently Known
No information
Not threatened
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TOTAL
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Number of
IUCN – RED LIST OF ENDENGERED SPECIES 2000
19
43
149
2
108
256
719
9
1441
374
3120
Animal species under threat
IUCN – RED LIST OF ENDENGERED SPECIES 2000
Medicinal plant(endangered)
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For the next 5 years following seven plants
require concentrated attention:
Aloe vera (Ghrita Kumari)
Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi)
Centella asiatica (Mandookparni, Gotu Kola)
Rauwolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha)
Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle)
Taxus baccata / Taxus wallichiana (Himalayan
Yew)
Artemisia annua
INITIATIVES ON THE PART OF
INDEPENDENT COMISSION
To get a political as well as technical approach for the solutions in forest
degradation a group of 30 former heads of government and state, was
established by the name of world commision on forestes and
sustainable development (WCFSD). The independent commisions
objectives were to:
•
Increasing awareness about preserving the natural environment and
contributing to economic development.
•
Broadening the consensus on the data ,science and policy aspects of
forest conservation and management.
•
Building confidence between north and south on the forest matters, with
emphasis on international cooperation.
the commission held public hearings in Asia,Africa,Euriope,Latin
America and the Caribbean and North America and dealt with forest
dwellings, local communities, farmers, industry executives etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTS AND
ITS EXPLOITATION
Three main categories of forests i.e.old growth,
secondary growth and plantations.
 Old growth or frontier forests are uncut
forests that have not been seriously
disturbed by human activities or natural
disasters for several years.
 Secondary growth forests are formed due
to result of secondary ecological succession
that has taken place due to clearance by
human activities or natural disasters and
then left undisturbed.
 Plantations consists of commercially
valuable trees which are managed forests
created by clearing old-growth or secondgrowth forests. These are a source of
industrial wood.
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
PROVIDED BY FORESTS
 INDUSTRIAL
WOOD AND FUELWOOD
 NON-WOOD
PRODUCTS
 ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES
 OTHER
CONTRIBUTIONS
Wood and non wood products
Timber
 Tendu leaves
 Bamboo
 Sal seed
 Honey
 Medicinal plants
 Rubber
 Pickle
 Biodiesel
 Ply wood

www.orissafdc.com
Ways of destruction of forests
Natural
Human made
Forest fire
 Climatic change


Commercial
logging
 Commercial
harvesting
 Construction
 Intentional fire
 Mining
Impact of deforestation
 Erosion
of topsoil
 Floods
 Extinction
of plants and animals
 Local climatic change
 Global warming
 Loss of livelihood of local
communities
 SUSTAINABLE
MANAGEMENT
FO REST
FOREST CONSERVATION
Foresters and local people are working
together to conserve forests.
 Extractive Reserves-Protected forest in
whichlocal people are allowed to harvest
products like fruits, fibre , medicine etc.
 Main objective is to improve the life of the
people while conserving biodiversity.
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Communities involved in Forest
Conservation

Joint Forest Management
Concept introduced in 1980’s.
 In JFM local communities are involved in
planinng the conservation programme.
`
`eg.-The Tamilnadu Afforestation
Project(TAP)
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SOCIAL FORESTRY
 Used in India in 1976.
 Plantation of eucalyptus tree
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Efficient use of wood
 Paper
made from natural fibres and
agricultural residues.
 China plans to make 60 % of its
paper from tree free pulp.
 In India Navneet publications use
eco friendly papers to make
copybooks.
Some notable examples in the field
of forest conservation
 CHIPKO
MOVEMENT –Gaura Devi
 The Green Belt Movement— Wangari
Maathai
 Struggle in Amazonia—Chico Mendes
 Red wood trees California—Julia
Butterfly
VASUNDHARA
Vasundhara is a non-governmental organisation,working
primarily in Orissa with natural resources management
focused on sustainable rural livelihoods.
 Trying to improve community-state collaboration.
 Facilitates policy changes in the direction of sustainable
community
based forest management systems.
 Main area of work deals with policy advocacy, research an
documentation, capacity building and networking.
 Instrumental in initiating coordinated action and respons
from the civil society on forestry issues.
SOURCE:WWW.ENVINDIA.COM
ACTIONS
RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION-focused on supporting
efforts to improve access and control of “eco-system
people”,people who depend upon their immediate
ecosystem for sustenance on their natural resources,
forestry-agriculture etc.
NETWORKING AND ALLIANCE BUILDING - especially for
creating a pressure group for policy changes for
devolution of power to local communities for resource
management.
CAPACITY BUILDING EFFORTS-for village institutions
especially in two field locations which include information
generation, networking, alliance building, training
workshops and meetings etc.
Recommendations for conservation
of forests
 Stop
destructions of forest
 Use of sustainaible forest
management approach
 Research and training programme.
 Proper planning for the whole
landscape and not the forest in
isolation
THANK YOU
GROUP 9:
 ANANDA SAHA ( 9)
 SUBHODIP GANGULI (53)
 VIJAYESH KR. PANDEY (57)
 VIKAS CHATURVEDI (59)