Transcript Three Aspects of Sustainability

Three Aspects of
Sustainability
1. Inter-generational equity
“The goal of sustainability is to meet the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs”
- The World Commission on Environment and Development Report
(1987)
Three Aspects of Sustainability
(cont.)
2. A full range of ecosystem goods and
services
“…21st century forestry will be defined by understanding
and managing complexity, providing a wide range of
ecological goods and services, and managing across
broad landscapes.” Kohm and Franklin (1997)
Three Aspects of Sustainability
(cont.)
3.
Ecosystem capacity
“Sustainability …has three aspects: ecological, economic, and
social…the sustainability of ecological systems is a necessary
prerequisite for strong productive economies, enduring human
communities, and the values people seek from wildlands. We
compromise human welfare if we fail to sustain vital, functioning
ecological systems. It is also true that strong economies and
communities are often a prerequisite to societies possessing the will
and patience needed to sustain ecological
systems.” USDA Committee of Scientists (1999):
International SFM Criteria for Temperate and Boreal Forests
Criteria
Montreal Process
(1994)
Helsinki Process
(1994)
Conservation of
biological diversity
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√
Maintenance of soil and
water resources
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√
Contribution to global
carbon cycles
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√
Maintenance of
ecosystem health
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√
Maintenance of
ecosystem productivity
(wood and non-wood)
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√
Provision of multiple,
long-term socioeconomic benefits
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Legislative, institutional,
and economic
frameworks
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MONTREAL PROCESS CRITERIA -- LUCID Indicators
1. CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Vegetation types and structural classes
Ecologically sensitive areas, e.g., riparian areas are retained
Populations of indigenous species
Exotic species
Community guild structure
Species at risk
Gene frequencies change
2. MAINTENANCE OF PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
Fragmentation and connectedness
Primary productivity
Linear features
Land base available for production
3. MAINTENANCE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AND VITALITY
Disturbance processes
4.CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES
Hydrologic condition
Pollutants
Soil quality e.g., soil compaction, displacement, erosion, puddling, loss of organic material
Soil nutrients
Water quality e.g., dissolved oxygen, suspended sediments and water nutrients
Morphology and function of stream channels
MONTREAL PROCESS CRITERIA -- LUCID Indicators
5. MAINTENANCE OF FOREST CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL CARBON CYCLES
Nutrient cycling
Ecological legacies and structural elements
6. MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM MULTIPLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS
TO MEET THE NEEDS OF SOCIETIES
Wilderness
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal cultural, spiritual, social sites/values
Scenery
Recreational, tourism and education opportunities (by activity)
Community economic trade balance (imports and exports)
Annual and periodic removals of products (timber and nontimber)
Money spent by visitors in local communities (by activity)
Access to forest resources
Value to products including value-added through
downstream processing
Worker health and safety
Resource production component of economy
Public health and safety
Income from National Forest activities
Subsistence and non-subsistence gathering
Employment of local population in resource management
Rent capture
Community economic diversity
7. LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR FOREST CONSERVATION AND
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
Ownership and use rights
Participation/involvement in decision-making
Mechanisms for economic benefits sharing
Triad Model
Developed
Areas;
Intensive
Production
Forests
Reserves
Sustainably
managed
forest
New Zealand – Native Forests
43% of forest are protected
New Zealand – Planted Forests (Primarily Pinus spp.)