Transcript Federal Concerns Regarding Hatchery Steelhead Spawning in the

Federal Concerns Regarding
Hatchery Steelhead Spawning
in the Wild
NOAA Fisheries
Salmon Recovery Division
NOAA Fisheries
Richard Turner
Fisheries Biologist
Hatcheries and Inland Fisheries Branch
(Lower Columbia River ESUs)
Jurisdictions under the ESA
• NOAA Fisheries (formally know as NMFS)
- jurisdiction over species that spend most
of their life in the ocean.
• U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service - species that
spend most of their life on land or in
freshwater.
NOAA Fisheries’ Integrated
Mission
•
•
•
•
ESA
Treaty Trust Responsibility
Recreational Fishing Policy
Magnuson-Stevens Act
Tribal Trust Responsibilities
• Arise from Indian Treaties
• Reconcile trust responsibilities with
statutory law
• Treaty rights not abrogated by ESA
• Federal Government cannot place
excessive conservation burden on Tribes
to avoid ESA jeopardy
NOAA Fisheries/USFWS Policy on
ESA and Recreational Fisheries
• Purpose: meet conservation needs of
species listed under the ESA while
providing for the continuation and
enhancement of recreational fisheries.
• This policy does not diminish or abrogate
the responsibility for the conservation of
listed species.
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery
Conservation & Management
Act
• Promote commercial & recreational fishing
under sound conservation and
management principles.
• Foster and maintain the diversity of
fisheries in the US.
Hatchery Programs
•
•
•
•
•
NOAA Fisheries Review
Provide Guidance
Purpose of Program
Consideration of Subbasin Plans
Recovery Planning Process
Artificial Propagation Benefits
Reduce
Harm
Conservation
X
Preserve
Recovery
Options
X
Integrated
Harvest
X
X
Segregated
Harvest
X
Improve
Viability
X
Segregated Hatchery Programs
• Primary purpose is to provide harvest
opportunities.
• Programs can use local or non-local
steelhead for broodstock.
• Hatchery steelhead are marked to allow
for harvest.
Segregated Hatchery Programs
Concerns
• Genetic Introgression of Hatchery
steelhead
• Juvenile Interactions
• Straying
• Harvest Impacts
Segregated Hatchery Programs
• Genetic Introgression of Hatchery
steelhead
– Hatchery steelhead spawning naturally
– Overlap temporally with natural population
– Overlap spatially with natural population
Segregated Hatchery Programs
• Juvenile Interactions
– Earlier spawning times
– Juvenile size advantage
– Competition
– Predation
Segregated Hatchery Programs
• Hatchery steelhead straying
– Straying into other basins
– Accounting for all returns
– Recycling hatchery steelhead
Segregated Hatchery Programs
• Harvest Impacts
– Mixed stock fisheries
– Catch and release mortality
– Encounter rates
Segregated Hatchery Programs
• Evaluation of Hatchery Programs
– Contribution to Fisheries
– Escapement to natural spawning areas
• Proportion hatchery steelhead on spawning
grounds
• Timing and spatial distribution of hatchery
steelhead spawning
• Natural production of hatchery steelhead
– Straying into other basins
– Accounting
Segregated Hatchery Programs
• Metrics used in evaluation
– Proportion of hatchery steelhead on the
spawning grounds
– Harvest – meeting program objectives
– Incidental impacts
– Stray Rate
– Success in spawning
– Interactions with endemic steelhead
Addressing Concerns
• Genetic Introgression of Hatchery
steelhead
• Juvenile Interactions
• Straying
• Harvest Impacts
Mainstem
Releases
Sandy Hatchery
Releases
Relea
se
Big Creek
Clackamas
Year
Winter Sthd
Spring Chin
1998
106,000
360,000
38,000
285,000
50,000
38,000
877,000
1999
143,000
369,000
38,000
700,000
40,000
35,000
1,325,000
2000
104,000
455,000
38,000
831,000
41,000
37,000
1,506,000
40,000
Summer Sthd
Coho
2001
284,000
719,000
2002
168,000
2003
160,000
2004
Big Creek
Clackamas
Winter Sthd
Spring Chin
Summer Sthd
Sandy Late
Sandy
Winter Sthd
Spring Chin
Totals
150,000
60,000
119,000
1,372,000
862,000
290,000
80,000
290,000
1,690,000
700,000
300,000
75,000
160,000
1,395,000
75,000
160,000
700,000
300,000
1,235,000
Marmot Summer Steelhead
5000
4500
4000
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
Adults
3500