Transcript Biome and Cycles of Matter Review

Biome
and
Cycles of Matter
Review
What items of things
Cycle?
 Everything!
 Conservation of matter
 nothing in the Earth’s Ecosystems is lost or
destroyed…just converted to different forms
 What are the cycles discussed in Chapter 19?
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Water
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
The Water Cycle
 Be able to label
this or another
picture of the
water cycle
Where do Animals get
Oxygen?
 Respiration
 O2 + GLUCOSE  CO2 + H20
+ ATP
Why do animals need
Carbon?
 It’s a building block for the matter that makes up the
bodies of living things
 Remember PLANC
 Proteins
 Lipids
 ATP
 Nucleic Acids
 Carbohydrates
 These building blocks of life are all made of
CARBON
 ORGANIC = CARBON CONTAINING Molecules
Where do plants get
Carbon?
 Plants (producers) take in carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere during
photosynthesis
 CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT------->
GLUCOSE AND O2
Where do animals get
Carbon?
 Producers (plants) make sugars during
photosynthesis
 CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT------->
GLUCOSE AND O2
 The plants (and therefore the sugar
molecules) are eaten by animals
Carbon Cycle
 Be able to label
this picture or
another picture
of the carbon
cycle
Where do animals get
Nitrogen?
 From the plants
(or animals) they
eat
 Notice in the
cycle how
Nitrogen (N) is in
different forms
(N2, NO3-,
NH4+)
Nitrogen Cycle
 Why do organisms
need Nitrogen?
 Proteins and DNA
both contain
nitrogen
 Be able to label this
or another picture
of the Nitrogen
Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle (cont)
 How does nitrogen get converted
from the nitrogen in the air (N2 gas)
to the nitrogen we can use?
 Nitrogen Fixation
 Performed by certain bacteria that
live in bumps (nodules) on roots of
certain plants (legumes)
 The relationship between bacteria
and the plant is what type?
 Mutualism…both benefit!
 bacteria feed on sugars in plant,
plant gets nitrogen in usable form)
Think on this…
 What happened to Mt. St. Helens’ in
1980?
 The volcano erupted
 What happened to Yellowstone park in
1988?
 A fire raged through the park
 What happened to these ecosystem
communities after these natural events?
 Plant and animal species returned
Succession
 The series of predictable changes that
occur in a community over time
 Primary Succession=
 Occurs where no ecosystem previously
existed
 Secondary Succession=
 Occurs after a disturbance in an existing
ecosystem
Primary Succession
 At first there is NO soil…just rock
 The 1st species to populate the area are
called what?
 Pioneer Species….lichens and
mosses…can grow anywhere
Pioneer Species can
break down
rock…provide
nutrients….
Weeds and grasses
take root….then trees
and shrubs…and so
on…
Primary Succession (cont)
 Where might this occur?
 A new island formed by the eruption of an
undersea volcano
 Area of rock uncovered by melting ice
sheet
 After violent volcanic eruption (ground
covered in ash and rock)
Secondary Succession
 A series of changes that occur in an existing
ecosystem
 Occurs much more rapidly than primary succession
 When might this occur?
 After natural disasters such-fire (Yellowstone),
hurricane, tornado
 After human activities-farming, logging, mining
What is a Biome?
 A major community of organisms
 A group of ecosystems with similar
climates and organisms
 Climate is determined by what?
 Temperature and Rainfall
What are the Land Biomes
we’ve studied?
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
Tropical Rain Forest
Grasslands
Savanna (compared to grassland closer to
equator and more rain…scattered shrubs and
trees)
 Desert
 Tundra
Tropical Rain Forest
 Warm temperatures
 Lots of precipitation all
year
 A lot of diversity in plant
and animals species
 Know how to read a
graph
Source: World Meteorological Organization
Grassland/Savanna
 Primary plant life is grass
 What is the difference between a grassland
and savanna?
compared to grassland
a savanna is closer to
equator….more rain…
scattered shrubs and trees
Desert
Tucson, Arizona
 Low precipitation
 Deserts get cold at
night
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
Temperate Deciduous
Forest
 Deciduous trees shed leaves and grow
new ones
 Hot summers and cold winters
Banff, Canada
Taiga
Source: Environment Canada
 Located in cooler more northern climates
 Trees are conifers (needle-like)
Freshwater Biomes
 What is one important abiotic factor in
freshwater biomes?
 How quickly water moves.
 Animal species must learn to adapt to the
fast moving water (or be washed away)
 Example Freshwater Biomes
 Ponds
 Lakes
 Streams
 Rivers
Saltwater Biomes
 Also called Marine Biomes
 ¾ of the Earth is covered in salt water
 Examples:
 Intertidal Zone (tidepool)…the
shoreline…organisms are
covered/uncovered regularly…find
barnacles, snails, crabs, conchs, sea
grasses, sea stars
 Coral Reefs
Estuary
 Area where freshwater from streams and rivers
spills into the ocean
 Saltwater and freshwater always
mixing…plants and animals have to survive
this.
 NUTRIENT RICH environment…large numbers
plankton…food for other animals
 Example: GEORGIA SALT MARSH
THE END
 Good luck on the test!