Transcript My Life`s a Circle

My Life’s a Circle
Matter Cycles
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the movement of INORGANIC materials
from the atmosphere or soil into living
ORGANISMS and back again.
WATER CYCLE
WATER IN
ATMOSPHERE
PRECIPITATION
EVAPORATION
WATER /ICE
WATER CYCLE
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EVAPORATION - liquid to gas
PRECIPITATION - gas to liquid
Organisms return water to the
atmosphere through TRANSPIRATION,
PERSPIRATION, and EXCRETION
Carbon/Oxygen Cycle
CARBON DIOXIDE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
OXYGEN
RESPIRATION
Carbon/Oxygen Cycle
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Photosynthesis – plants use CARBON
DIOXIDE and release OXYGEN
Respiration – plants and animals use
OXYGEN and release CARBON
DIOXIDE
Carbon/Oxygen Cycle
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Burning of FOSSIL FUELS increases
the amount of CARBON DIOXIDE in
the atmosphere.
This may be increasing the
temperature.
(GREENHOUSE effect)
Nitrogen Cycle
NITROGEN GAS
NITROGEN
FIXATION
ANIMALS
DENITRIFICATION
PLANTS
NITRATES
Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrogen is necessary to make AMINO
ACIDS
Nitrogen FIXATION is done by plants
containing rhizobium bacteria.
DENITRIFICATION is the returning of
nitrogen into the atmosphere
Biotic Potential

The rate at which a POPULATION will
grow if all individuals SURVIVE and
REPRODUCE at maximum capacity.
Growth Curve
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Lag Phase – little or no increase in a
population
Exponential Phase – population
DOUBLES in a specific time interval
and keeps DOUBLING in increasingly
shorter periods of time.
Exponential Phase
Lag Phase
Time
Carrying Capacity
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The MAXIMUM number of individuals
that the ecosystem is capable of
SUPPORTING.
Carrying Capacity
Exponential
Phase
Lag Phase
Time
Limits to Growth
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Density-dependent factors
Density-independent factors
Density-dependent factors
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As the DENSITY changes, these factors
change
– Space
– Food
– Predators
Density-independent factors
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Factors that affect population that have
nothing to do with DENSITY
– Climate changes
– Natural disaster
Oh Deer!
Succession
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The gradual, SEQUENTIAL
replacement of POPULATIONS in an
area
Pioneer Species
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The first SPECIES to colonize an area
Seral Community
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Intermediate COMMUNITIES
Climax Community
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A community that will remain STABLE
as long as it is left undisturbed
Primary succession
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The sequential REPLACEMENT of
populations of an area that has not
previously supported LIFE
Example: Sand dunes, volcanic rock,
glaciers removing soil, pavement
Secondary succession
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The sequential REPLACEMENT of
populations in DISRUPTED habitats
that have not been totally stripped of
soil and vegetation.
Example: FOREST FIRE, LOGGING,
FARMING, MINING
Old field succession – Replacement of
populations in abandoned farm fields
Succession in lakes
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The transformation of CRYSTAL
CLEAR BODIES OF WATER to dry
LAND
Eutrophication
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An increase in the amount of
NUTRIENTS in an environment
Eutrophic
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A lake with many NUTRIENTS in it.