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Ecosystem Management
Dartmoor National Park, England
Chalk Grassland
Chalk Grassland
Chalk Grassland
Chalk Grassland
Aldo Leopold (on left) and forest service crew in 1911 in Arizona
Snags and other dead wood
Adaptive Management
Yellow-eyed Penguin and
Breeding Sites
Hooker’s or New Zealand Sea Lion
Keys to Reserve Management
Once a reserve is established, the job has only
begun – 5 major factors must be managed to
maintain reserve populations:
1. Human visitors
2. Natural disturbances
3. Water regimes
4. Exotic species and overabundant natives
5. Balancing human needs with reserve needs
National Park Entrances - Yellowstone
1940’s & Yosemite today
Yosemite National Park – Hikers on
Half Dome
Yosemite National Park
– Air Pollution
Yosemite National Park
- smoke from forest fires 2012
Natural Disturbances and
Succession
1988 Yellowstone Fire
Aerial Photo of Yellowstone Fire 1988
Carbonton Dam, Deep River, NC
Elwha River – Olympic National Park
Elwha River Dam Removal
Tamarisk or salt cedar
Tamarisk study and removal
Humpback Chub
Endangered – about 7650 live in Grand Canyon
Glen Canyon Dam Release
Glen Canyon Dam Release 2013
Grand Canyon Sand Bar
Restoration
• http://www.gcmrc.gov/gis/sandbartour2013/
index.html
Grand Canyon Burro Removal
Mountain Goat - Oreamnos americanus
Distribution of Mountain Goats
The Olympic Mountain endemics Campanula piperi (bellflower; upper) and Viola flettii
(Flett's violet) occupy rock crevices in the subalpine and alpine zones of the Olympic
Mountains. The bellflower is known to be eaten by mountain goats (photos from NPS).
Mountain Goat Movements in
Olympic National Park
Mountain Goat Removals
Mountain Goat Population Trends
Mountain Goat Distribution 2011
Mountain Goat Olympic National Park
Brazilian Pepper Tree
Brazilian Pepper tree in Florida
Brazilian Pepper Tree in the Everglades
Rat predation in New Zealand
Rat Trap New Zealand
UNESCO – Man and Biosphere
Reserve Model
UNEP – REDD+
• Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and
Forest Degradation (REDD) is an effort to create a
financial value for the carbon stored in forests,
offering incentives for developing countries to
reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in
low-carbon paths to sustainable development.
“REDD+” goes beyond deforestation and forest
degradation, and includes the role of conservation,
sustainable management of forests and
enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
Key activities that must be monitored
and perhaps eliminated in a reserve
• Commercial harvesting of game and fish
• Intensive harvesting of natural plant
products
• Logging and farming
• Use and occurrence of fire
• Recreational activities